بررسی امکان توسعه گونه مرتعی dorema ammoniacum با لحاظ شرایط رویشگاهی و استفاده از مدل آنتروپی حداکثر در بخشی از مراتع خشک استان خراسان جنوبی

اﻣﺮوزه ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ در ﻣﮑﺎن و زﻣﺎن، اﺳﺎس ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در راﺳﺘﺎی ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی اﺻﻼﺣﯽ و اﺣﯿﺎی ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ وﺷﺎ (dorema ammoniacum) و ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزی روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه آن و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮاﮐ ﻨﺶ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎی اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ از ﻣﺪل آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. داده ﻫﺎی ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از gps و ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. 9 ﻻﯾﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺳﻨﮓﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ، درﺻﺪ ﺷﯿﺐ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﯿﻦ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﯿﺐ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﺮﻣﺎلﺷﺪه ﺗﻔﺎوت ﭘﻮﺷﺶﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، دﻣﺎی ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﯿﻦ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ و درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن رﺧﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮه روﯾﺸﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ دادهﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ وﺷﺎ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1017 ﺗﺎ 1933 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ 13/96ﺗﺎ 15/17 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد، ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ 112 ﺗﺎ 131 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ درﺳﺎل و ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺷﯿﺐ 0-14 درﺻﺪ از اﻣﮑﺎن و اﺣﺘﻤﺎل رﺧﺪاد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮه روﯾﺸﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ دﻣﺎی ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﯿﻦ در ﻣﺤﺪوده 4- ﺗﺎ 10 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار اﺳﺖ و ﻣﺪل آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺮای ﮔﻮﻧﻪdorema ammoniacum ﺑﺎ auc ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 92 درﺻﺪ از ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ در ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ رﺧﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ . ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد در راﺳﺘﺎی اﺣﯿﺎی ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

investigation of development probability of dorema ammoniacum in a part of arid rangelands of southern khorasan regarding environmental conditions using maximum entropy

today, the production of species distribution maps is the basis of many different researches in order to management of improvement programs and reclamation of rangelands. maxent model was used to evaluate the probability of dorema ammoniacum development in rangelands of some cities of southern khorasan. presence data of d. ammoniacum was recorded based on field survey and gps and gis. nine environmental information layers were used to model potential habitat of the understudy species. relationship between species presence and environmental parameters was determined using maximum entropy. map of species distribution was achieved. results showed that the probability of d. ammoniacum is higher in regions with the following environmental characteristics; elevation of 1017-1933 m, average temperature of 13.96 to 15.17 ºc, average precipitation of 112- 131 mm, slope of 0-14% and lst range between -4 to 10ºc. an auc of 92 demonstrated that maxent is a suitable model for prediction of d. ammoniacum distribution and potential habitat. it is suggested to be used in the reclamation and potential assessment of native species of province.