بررسی عوامل منجر به تعارض در منابع‌طبیعی در بین گروداران کلیدی حوزه‌های آبخیز غرب گیلان

مناﺑﻊﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﻀﺎد ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ، ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮوداران ﮐﻠﯿﺪی (بهرهﺑﺮداران و ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن) ﻫﻤﻮاره دﭼﺎر ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ شرایط ﺑﻮمﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن و ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻫﺪف، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ، از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﮔﺮوداران ﮐﻠﯿﺪی (ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداران و ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن) ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و 188 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪی ﮔﻮﯾﻪﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮ موضوع، از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽﺗﺴﺖ و ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ تشخیصی در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، در ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداران و ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوت دﯾﺪﮔﺎه وﺟﻮد دارد. ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن، ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ را ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ در اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻌﺎرض و ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداران ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ-ﻧﻬﺎدی و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی را ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ داﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻀﺎد در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداران، روﻧﺪ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ، ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداری ﻣﻔﺮط از ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻓﺮﻋﯽ، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮدن روﺣﯿﻪ ﻫﻤﮑﺎری و ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﺒﺎن ﺑﻮد. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻧﻘﺾ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮدن روﺣﯿﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﺎری، ﮐﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﺗﺮوﯾﺠﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻗﻄﻊ درﺧﺘﺎن ﺟﻨﮕﻞ، ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺎﻻی دام در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ و ذﻏﺎلﮔﯿﺮی از ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻮرد اﺧﺘﻼف ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊﻣﺤﻠﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ کارشناسان ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺮای ﻃﺮح ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ ﺧﺮوج دام از ﺟﻨﮕﻞ و ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداران ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ اﺟﺮای ﻃﺮح ﻗﺮق در ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻟﺰوم اﺟﺮای ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎی ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞﮔﺮ، ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪ. ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، تشویق و آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان راﻫﮑﺎر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻀﺎد ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

investigating the interaction of beneficiaries and natural resources authorities in the watersheds of west gilan

because ofthe conflicts of interest, the interaction of beneficiaries and natural resource experts iniran hasbeen challenged.this area was studied asthetarget, due totheechologic andsocial condition andconsideringthe existing conflicts. in this study, legal, managerial, exploitation, and social components were examined from the perspectives of both experts and beneficiaries. 188 questionnaires were completed with the snowball method. the validity of the main variables of questionnaire was greater than 0.7. the mannwhitney utest was used to compare differences between two groups. the results show that in addition to the natural resources conflict in the whole region, in terms of perspective, there is a significant difference between the factors affecting the conflict between the local community and government experts. the most important components for increasing the conflict in this region from the perspective ofstakeholders are the lack oflaws, the presence of nonnatives inrangelands and forests, the low presence of women in this natural resources field and according to the experts, lack of landuse conversion, and level of awareness of stakeholders. land grabbing, coaling and understory tillage are the most challenging issues in the west of gilan province.from the managerial point of view, both groups have declared that the most effective way to reduce the conflict is the confinement of forests and pastures, but the participatory management issues was not accepted according to the two groups’ viewpoints. effective presence of experts in the field, recognizing the livelihood potentials of the region, and encouraging and educating people to know alternative jobs are suitable ways to reduce conflict.