تولید و ارزیابی نیتروسلولز با حساسیت پائین با روش استیلاسیون

ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﻣﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاری ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﯽ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻧﺸﺪه و ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦﺗﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دارد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ دارای ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻧﯿﺘﺮو ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﻧﺒﺎرداری ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﯽ از ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺟﺪا ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻧﻤﻮدن آن در اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﻢ در ﺑﺤﺚ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ و ﻫﻢ در ﺑﺤﺚ ﺗﺠﺎری ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮای ﺳﻨﺘﺰ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦ از روش اﺳﺘﯿﻼﺳﯿﻮن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ازتﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ (12/40 ،11/50 ،9/50 و 12/80) ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﻣﻘﺪار ازت از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ درﺻﺪ اﺳﯿﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط، زﻣﺎن ﻧﯿﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻮن 55 ،45 ،35 و60، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ آﻟﻔﺎ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ (60 و 75) ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ واﮐﻨﺶ اﺳﺘﯿﻼﺳﯿﻮن از ﻗﯿﺒﻞ ﻣﻘﺪار، اﻧﯿﺪرﯾﺪ اﺳﺘﯿﮏ (240 درﺻﺪ) زﻣﺎن واﮐﻨﺶ )3 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(، دﻣﺎی واﮐﻨﺶ (40 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد) و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻮﻟﻮﺋﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻧﻮع رﻗﯿﻖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﯽ اﺛﺮ و درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻟﯿﺰور ﭘﺮﮐﻠﺮﯾﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ( 0/03 و 0/04%) ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات- اﺳﺘﺎت (cna) ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺣﻼل ﺑﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺠﺎی ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻓﯿﺒﺮی ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﯽ ژﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﺮدن اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻟﯿﺰور 0/03% ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻟﯿﺎف ﺳﻔﯿﺪ رﻧﮓ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات- اﺳﺘﺎت دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ و در اﺛﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻟﯿﺰور ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺳﯿﺎه رﻧﮓ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. ﻃﯿﻒﺳﻨﺠﯽﻫﺎی ir ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ وﻗﺘﯽ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات اﺳﺘﺎت ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد در واﮐﻨﺶ اﺳﺘﯿﻼﺳﯿﻮن، ﮔﺮوه-ﻫﺎی اﺳﺘﯿﻞ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎی ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺴﯿﻞ آزاد اﺷﻐﺎل ﻧﺸﺪه ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺑﻪ cna، ﭘﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﻗﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﮔﺮوه ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺴﯿﻞ (oh)، ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درﺻﺪ ازت ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪای ﮐﻪ در ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﻫﺎی ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ازت ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از 12/80% ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺣﺬف ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﯿﻼﺳﯿﻮن ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ، ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری در دﻣﺎی 65 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد (آزاد ﺷﺪن ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻧﺒﺎرداری) اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻮزش و ﮐﺎﻟﺮی ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﯿﻠﻪ ﮐﺮدن ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ آن ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری آن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ دﻣﺎ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.

Synthesizing and Producing of Low Sensitive Nitrocellulose with Acetylation Method

In this Study for Synthesizing and Producing of Low Sensitive Nitrocellulose Used of Acetylation Method. At the First Time it Was Necessary to Nitrocellulose with Various Nitrogen Content 9/50, 11/50, 12/40 and 12/80. By Using of Effective Parameters on the Nitrogen Content Such as Mixture Acid Percent, Nitration Time (35, 45, 55 and 60), Acid to Cellulose Ratio (60and 75) Produced the Nitrocellulose and Then with Constant Parameters of Acetylation Reaction Such Acetic Acid Content, Acetic Anhydride and Variable Parameters Such as Use and Without Using of Toluene, Catalyzer Percent (Perchloric Acid 0/03 and 0/04) the Cellulose Nitrate Acetate Produced. The Results has been Showed That Without Using of Toluene Produce Gelatinous Product That Didn’t Capable to Drying. Also with using of 0/03 Percent Catalyzer Content Can be Achieved to Cellulose Nitrate Acetate with White Color Fiber Form. The Curves of IR has been Showed when Nitrocellulose Converted to Cellulose Nitrate Acetate with Acetylation Reaction, Hydroxyl Group of Nitrocellulose Replaced With Acetyl Group. Also Result has been Showed when Nitrocellulose Converted to Cellulose Nitrate – Acetate, the Peak of Hydroxyl Group Decreased with Increasing of Nitrogen Content. In the Nitrocellulose with 12/80 Nitrogen Content the Peak of Hydroxyl was Eliminated. Also the Result has been Showed by Acetylation of Nitrocellulose: Solubility, Thermal Decomposition and Stability of nitrocellulose was Increased and Burning Rate and Calories was Decreased.