سیاست خارجی و چهارچوب‌بندی رسانه‌ای: مورد مطالعه «توافق همکاری‌های راهبردی 25 ساله جمهوری اسلامی ایران و چین» در روزنامه‌های کیهان و شرق (1394-1402)

از زمان طرح موضوع «توافق همکاری های جامع و راهبردی 25 ساله بین ایران و چین»، این رویداد مورد توجه گسترده رسانه های داخلی قرار گرفت. هر یک از آن ها با انتخاب و برجسته سازی ابعادی از این رویداد، تلاش کردند چارچوب بندی خود را از آن ارائه کنند. مقاله حاضر با گزینش دو رسانه داخلی روزنامه های کیهان و شرق کوشیده است، با شناسایی و مقایسه دستگاه چارچوب بندی آن ها، نحوه عملکرد این رسانه ها را در شکل دادن به درک مخاطبان شان از «توافق همکاری های راهبردی 25 ساله بین ایران و چین» تحلیل کند. این مقاله از رویکرد کیفی و مدل تحلیل چارچوب رسانه ای رابرت انتمن (1993) بهره گرفته است. جامعه نمونه، شامل 58 متن خبری در روزنامه های کیهان و شرق در فریم زمانی 1402-1994 است. یافته های حاصل از 39 متن خبری کیهان نشان می دهد، در چارچوب بندی این رسانه، چارچوب اصلیِ «خواست -فرصت مشترک» به همراه پنج چارچوب فرعیِ «پنجره فرصت، رقابت، مثلث استراتژیک، اتحاد ضد هژمونیک و چرخش به شرق» حضور دارند. همچنین در 19 داستان خبری شرق، چارچوب اصلیِ «نیاز/اضطرار یک طرف – فرصت دیگری» به همراه هفت چارچوب فرعیِ «شفافیت، تصویب بیست دقیقه ای، رابطه نامتوازن، زیان، اضطرار/نیاز، بندزنی چینی و چرخش نامتوازن» ارائه شده است.

foreign policy and media framing: a case study of the i.r. iran- china 25-year comprehensive cooperation agreement in keyhan and shargh newspapers (2015-2023)

introduction: foreign policy of states is among the issues which are sometimes selected and framed by domestic or foreign media. these media select their intended event among the foreign policy events of states. then, they place the event in their intended framing advices and present their desired frames in that event. in fact, the media shape their audience’s attitude by creating a different meaning from an event. thus, the media, as critical socio-political institutions, legitimize or delegitimize the foreign policy of governments by emphasizing their own specific frames of an event. in iran, the specific task of the media differs based on criteria such as media ownership, financing, appointment of editors, as well as communication and media policymaking. however, some iranian foreign policy events may salience and be reflected more obviously in the media due to their significance. the extensive cooperations with the people’s republic of china within the framework of “the 25-year comprehensive and strategic cooperation agreement” was among the foreign policy events of the i.r. of iran, which attracted the attention of the domestic media. the present study aims to identify and understand the method of framing this foreign policy event in the news stories of kayhan and shargh newspapers during 2015-2023 by applying framing theory and model of media framing analysis presented by robert entman (1993).method: the qualitative approach and model of media framing analysis proposed by entman (1993) were utilized in accordance with the objective and problem of the study. the qualitative content analysis was selected by the researchers as an appropriate method because this study seeks to identify, describe, and implement the frames applied in media content about a topic on small samples. in addition, the researchers did not intend to measure the phenomenon under study. rather, they focused on understanding the cognitive process of framing the foreign policy issue under discussion and identifying the frames in the news stories of kayhan and shargh newspapers during 2015-23 in order to show how these media shared their communication experiences in dealing with the topic under study with their audiences and aimed to present their own framing of the topic.