ارزیابی برخی خصوصیات فنولوژیکی و زراعی ژنوتیپ‌های یولاف زراعی(.avena sativa l)

کلکسیون های ژرم پلاسم در بانک های ژن منابع ژنتیکی ارزشمندی را برای مواجهه با چالش های امروز و آتی کشاورزی در محیط های مستعد تنش فراهم می کنند. در این پژوهش، 14 ژنوتیپ یولاف زراعی و یک رقم شاهد (یورو) جمعاً 15 ژنوتیپ از کلکسیون یولاف بانک ژن گیاهی ملی ایران، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سه سال زراعی1402- 1399 در مزرعه پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر در کرج ارزیابی شدند. خصوصیات مورد ارزیابی شامل روز تا ظهور خوشه، روز تا گلدهی، روز تا رسیدن فیزیولوژیکی، ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد سنبلچه در خوشه، طول خوشه، عملکرد علوفه، عملکرد دانه و وزن هزاردانه بود. میانگین روز تا گلدهی در رقم یورو 173 روز و برای ژنوتیپ شماره 1 (g1) 188 روز بود. این ترتیب برای روز تا رسیدن فیزیولوژیکی متفاوت بود، به طوریکه ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 7،10،13، 5 و رقم یورو در گروه ژنوتیپ‌های زودرس قرار داشتند و ژنوتیپ شماره 1 دیررس ترین بود. ژنوتیپ های شماره 3 و 6 با میانگین ارتفاع گیاه بالای 100 سانتیمتر بلندترین ارتفاع گیاه را در میان ژنوتیپ های یولاف زراعی مورد مطالعه داشتند. ژنوتیپ شماره 15(رقم یورو) با منشاء استرالیا با میانگین ارتفاع گیاه کمتر از 80 سانتیمتر کوتاه ترین ژنوتیپ بود. ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 3، 9 و 14 با میانگین عملکرد علوفه خشک بیش از 1/5کیلوگرم در مترمربع، برتر از ژنوتیپ های دیگر بودند. ژنوتیپ شماره 2 و شماره 15 (رقم یورو) به ترتیب کمترین میانگین عملکرد علوفه خشک را به خود اختصاص دادند. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، روزتا ظهور خوشه و روز تاگلدهی نقش موثری در تعیین عملکرد علوفه ژنوتیپ های یولاف زراعی داشتند. بررسی ضرایب همبستگی بین صفات نشان دادکه همبستگی مثبت و معنی دار بین روز تا رسیدن فیزیولوژیکی و وزن هزار دانه وجود داشت. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر، تعدادی از ژنوتیپ های یولاف زراعی دارای خصوصیات فنولوژیکی و زراعی مطلوب بودند که می توانند در برنامه های به نژادی یولاف زراعی و برای مطالعات تکمیلی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

evaluation of some phenological and agronomic characteristics of cultivated oat (avena sativa l.) genotypes

germplasm collections in gene banks provide valuable genetic resources for responding to the current and future challenges imposed by changing climate. in this research, 14 genotypes from the oat collection of the national plant gene bank of iran and cv. euro, were evaluated using in 2020-2023 cropping seasons in the research field station of seed and plant improvement institute in karaj, iran. the experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replications. mean day to flowering for cv. euro (g15) was 173, and for genotype no. 1 (g1) was 188 days. mean day to physiological maturity grouped g13, g10, g7, g5 and cv. euro as early maturity, and g1 was identified as late maturity genotypes. the tallest genotypes were g3 and g6 with mean plant height taller than 100 cm, and cv. euro with less than 80 cm plant height was the shortest. genotypes, g3, g9 and g14 with mean dry forage yield greater than 1.5 kg m-2 were superior in comparison with other genotypes. cultivar euro and g3 had higher mean grain yield among evaluated genotypes. the results of this research showed that day to panicle emergence and day to flowering had significant role in determination of dry forage yield of studied cultivated oat genotypes. the results of this research can be used in the cultivated oat breeding programs and supplementary studies. keywords: oat, day to panicle emergence, day to flowering, dray forage yield, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, introductiontraditional agricultural production systems have played a vital role in the evolution and preservation of diversity in the field, and by reducing vulnerability to environmental stresses, could guarantee the sustainability of crop production. landraces are native populations of agricultural species that are heterogeneous and local adaptations, therefore, they provide valuable genetic resources to lessen the current and future challenges of agriculture in stress prone environments. these local ecotypes may have variable phenology and low to moderate yields, but often have high nutritional value. therefore, exploiting the diversity in genetic resources, especially for grains and fodder, can guarantee the stability of production in agricultural systems. national and international gene banks around the world have valuable genetic resources of germplasm of different plants, most of which are landraces (dwivedi et al., 2016). assessment of genetic diversity in the oat collection of the national plant gene bank of iran has shown high diversity in different traits, which can be used in cultivated oat breeding programs (shahmoradi et al., 2019). considering the growing importance and demand for fodder and grain of this plant as feed and food, phenological and agronomic characteristics of 14 genotypes of the cultivated oat accessions available in the national plant gene bank of iran were evaluated. materials and methodsin this research, phenological and agronomic characteristics of 14 cultivated oat accessions along with cv. euro (check), received from south australia, were evaluated. the experiment was carried out using randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field station of seed and plant improvement institute in karaj, iran. seeds of oat genotypes were planted in two two-meter lines with row spacing of 20 cm and seeding density of 300 seeds m-2. the evaluated characteristics included day to panicle emergence, day to flowering, day to maturity, plant height, spikelets panicle-1, panicle length, dry forage yield, grain yield and 1000 grain weight. the homogeneity of error variances for the examined traits was confirmed using the levene variance uniformity test and the normality of the data. then, combined analysis of variance was performed using spss software (version 25). means were compared using least significant differences (lsd) test at the 5% probability level. results and discussioncombined analysis of variance showed that year, genotype and genotype × year interaction was significant on some phonological and agronomic characteristics. the significant genotype × year interaction effect indicated that oat genotypes responded differently to different years’ environmental conditions. other researchers have also shown that environmental conditions in different years had significant effect on plant phenological and agronomic characteristics as well as on physiological process in plants (shavrukove et al., 2017). genotypes were significantly different for day to flowering and day to physiological maturity as well as for dry forage yield, grain yield, 1000 grain weight and plant height (kebede et al., 2023b).mean day to flowering for cv. euro (g15), with australian origin, was 173, and for genotype no. 1 (g1) was 188 days. mean day to physiological maturity grouped g13, g10, g7, g5 and cv. euro as early maturity, and g1 was identified as late maturity genotypes. the tallest genotypes were g3 and g6 with mean plant height taller than 100 cm, and cv. euro with less than 80 cm plant height was the shortest. genotypes, g3, g9 and g14 with mean dry forage yield greater than 1.5 kg m-2 were superior in comparison with other genotypes. kebede et al. (2023b) also reported variation in dry forage yield among oat genotypes. cultivar euro and g3 had higher mean grain yield among evaluated genotypes.the results of this research showed that day to panicle emergence and day to flowering had significant role in determination of dry forage yield of studied cultivated oat genotypes. there was positive and significant relationship between day to physiological maturity and 1000 grain weight. based on the results of this research, some of the studied genotypes had desirable phenological and agronomic characteristics and can be used in the cultivated oat breeding programs and supplementary studies. referencesdwivedi, s.l., ceccarelli, s. blair, m.w., upadhyaya, h.d., are, a.k. and ortiz, r. 2016. landrace germplasm for improving yield and abiotic stress adaptation. trends in plant science, 21(1), pp.31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10kebede, g., worku, w., feyissa, f., jifar, h., faji, m., kehaliew, a., dejene, m., geleti, d., assefa, g., alemayehu, m., balehegn, m. and adesogan, a. t. 2023b. genetic diversity assessment of oat (avena sativa l.) genotypes for agro-morphological traits: i. heritability and genetic gain. pp. 359-380 in: feyissa, f., wondatir, z., fita, l. and jembere, t. (eds.) livestock research proceedings. ethiopian institute of agricultural research. addis ababa, ethiopiashahmoradi, sh., zahravi, m. and ghanavati, f. 2019. evaluation of genetic diversity in some oat species (avena spp.) of iran. iranian journal of rangelands and forests plant breeding and genetic research, 27(1), pp.28-44. doi: 10.22092/ijrfpbgr.2019.120253shavrukov, y., kurishbayev, a., jatayev, s., shvidchenko, v., zotova, l., koekemoer, f., de groot, s., soole, k. and langridge, p. 2017. early flowering as a drought escape mechanism in plants: how can it aid wheat production? front plant science, 8, 1950. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01950