بررسی اثر ورمی‌کمپوست، کودهای زیستی و نیتروژن بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی بادرشبو (dracocephalum moldavica l.) تحت شرایط مختلف رطوبتی

اﻣﺮوزه ﺗﻨﺶ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ ﻫﺎی زراﻋﺖ در اراﺿﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ، ﮐﻮدﻫﺎی زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺎدرﺷﺒﻮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮک ﻫﺎی ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اروﻣﯿﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎی آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﺑﯿﺎری (i) در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ 60 ،40 و 80 درﺻﺪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻋﻤﻖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ و ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎی ﺧﺎک در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ: ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد (f، اوره )urea) )150 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر)، ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮی ﻫﺎی آزادزی ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن (nfb)، ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ (v) و ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮی ﻫﺎی آزادزی ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن )v+nfb( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ در 15 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﺎ 45 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﯿﺎری ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ(روی، ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ و ﻣﺲ) و رﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎی ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰی ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ v+nfb ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ روی (zn)، ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ (mn) و ﻣﺲ (cu) ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎی ﺧﺎک ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ v+nfb ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a )45 %(، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ b )50 %(، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﮐﻞ (46 %) و ﮐﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪ (39 %) ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻓﻨﻞ ﮐﻞ )36 ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ (37 %)، درﺻﺪ ﻣﻬﺎر رادﯾﮑﺎل 1 diphenyl 2 ,2( )dpph picrylhydrazyl (35 %)، درﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ (29 %) و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺧﺸﮏ (31 %) ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﺎدرﺷﺒﻮ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎری ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ v+nfb اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ، ﮐﻮدﻫﺎی زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ، ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

Investigation of the effect of vermicompost, biofertilizers and nitrogen on the quantitative and qualitative performance of Dracocephalum moldavica L. under different moisture conditions

Today, water scarcity is one of the biggest concerns of agriculture in arid and semiarid areas. In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, biofertilizers and nitrogen on the quantitative and qualitative performance of Badershob under different moisture conditions, a factorial experiment was performed in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments, including irrigation (I) at three levels of 40, 60 and 80% moisture, can be used at the root development depth as the first factor and soil fertility at five levels: nonconsumption of fertilizer (F0), urea (150 kg per hectare). Nitrogenstabilizing release (NFB), vermicompost (V) and vermicompost + release nitrogenfixing (V + NFB) release bacteria were applied as the second factor. The results showed that water scarcity led to a significant reduction in the amount of nutrients (zinc, manganese and copper) and photosynthetic pigments, while plants inoculated with V + NFB significantly increased the amount of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and Copper (Cu) has become more fertile than soil. The combined use of V + NFB increased chlorophyll a (45%), chlorophyll b (50%), total chlorophyll (46%) and carotenoids (39%) compared to the control treatment. The content of total phenol, flavonoids, the percentage of radical inhibition of DPPH, the percentage of relative moisture content and dry yield of the plant led to an increase of 36, 37, 35, 29 and 31%, respectively, in optimal irrigation conditions and 31, 29, 30, 21 and 23%. Comparison of the average soil fertility treatments in different irrigation levels showed that soil fertility application led to a decrease in proline content. Accordingly, the highest amount of proline (31 micrograms of warmer weight) of the control treatment was observed in irrigation conditions after consuming 80% of the usable moisture in the root development depth and without the use of soil fertility treatments. However, the lowest proline levels of 15.61 micromoles per kg of body weight were obtained in irrigated conditions after consuming 40% of the moisture usable in root development depth and fertilizer and vermicompost treatment + nitrogen stabilizing release bacteria (V + NFB). According to the results of variance analysis, different irrigation levels and soil fertility treatments had a significant effect on the amount of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. According to the results of the comparison of the mean of the data, the delay in irrigation significantly increased the concentration of malondialdehyde. While the use of soil fertility treatments has shown an effective role in reducing the amount of malondialdehyde, the highest and lowest levels of this trait were observed in control treatment and combined treatment of vermicompost and nitrogenfixing release bacteria (V + NFB), respectively. Combination treatment of vermicompost and nitrogenfixing release bacteria (V + NFB) reduced the amount of hydrogen peroxide at all three different irrigation levels compared to the control treatment.Soil fertility combined with soil fertility treatments was less than the individual application conditions In moderate stress conditions and 21, 19, 18, 17 and 17% in severe stress conditions in plants inoculated with V + NFB. From the obtained results, it is inferred that the application of the combined system of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers due to the increase of compatible solutions and regulation of antioxidant systems, as an effective solution to soil fertility and increase nutrient uptake, improves environmental stress. Comparison of the average data obtained from the interaction of different levels of irrigation and soil fertility treatments clearly showed that the combined use of fertilizer and vermicompost + nitrogenfixing release bacteria (V + NFB) and treatment application of vermicompost increased the effect of increasing irrigation at all different levels. The percentage of leaf moisture content showed. The lowest percentage of leaf moisture content (52.45%) in irrigation conditions was obtained after consuming 80% of the moisture that can be used in the root development depth and without the use of soil fertility treatments. A study of the results of this study showed that the combined use of vermicompost and nitrogenfixing release bacteria (V + NFB) reduces the effects of drought stress. Many of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the plant are fragrant.Therefore, the results of this study showed that the use of soil fertilizers by improving plant tolerance in water stress conditions leads to improved plant performance.