بررسی و ارزیابی سه نوع سیستم بوجاری گندم در شهرستان همدان

عملیات بوجاری از جمله فرآیندهای مهم برای افزایش درجه خلوص دانه‌هاست. تمیز کردن، اساسی‌ترین کار در یک ماشین بوجاری می‌باشد، که در آن ناخالصی‌ها از دانه‌های سالم جدا می‌شوند. در این پژوهش سه نوع سیستم بوجاری مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفت تا عملکرد آن‌ها بر روی بازده تمیزسازی بذر گندم آبی مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد. سیستم‌های بوجاری مورد نظر عبارت بودند از: 1 ماشین بوجاری به همراه ماشین پیش بوجاری آر ماشین (rmachine) مدل ars5000 ساخت ایران، 2 ماشین بوجاری به همراه ماشین پیش بوجاری رام صنعت (ramsanat) مدل ram200 ساخت ایران 3ماشین بوجاری به همراه ماشین پیش بوجاری گلدسات (goldsaat) مدل gs100s ساخت آلمان. در این پژوهش اثر سیستم‌های مختلف بوجاری بر فاکتورهای مهمی از قبیل: توانایی هر سیستم در میزان تمیزسازی بذر گندم و درصد تلفات دانه سالم در تمامی خروجی‌های مختلف هر سیستم (شامل ماشین‌های پیش بوجاری و بوجاری)، بررسی شد. به منظور تحلیل نتایج از طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی استفاده شده و میانگین‌ها با آزمون دانکن مقایسه شدند. نتایج تحلیل آماری داده‌ها نشان داد که بین میانگین‌های درصد خلوص نهایی (بازده) هر یک از سیستم‌های بوجاری اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نگردید و درصد خلوص نهایی همه آن‌ها بیش‌تر از 98 درصد بود. نتایج نشان داد که میزان تلفات از خروجی استوانه مشبّک ماشین پیش بوجاری صفر بود ولی میزان تلفات گندم سالم برای سایر خروجی‌های هر سیستم (ماشین پیش بوجاری و ماشین بوجاری) در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی‌دار بود. به علاوه کمترین میزان تلفات گندم به سیستم بوجاری رام صنعت تعلق داشت.

The investigation and evaluation of three types of wheat cleaning systems in Hamedan

Introduction The cleaning operation is an important process to increase the seeds’ purity degree. Cleaning is the most fundamental task in a cleaning machine, which separates the impurities of the healthy seeds. In a research that was conducted by Chenari et al. (2013), The efficiency of three types of wheat cleaning machines, RMachine, Cimbria, and GoldSaat, was investigated. The results of the statistical analysis showed the Cimbia machine had the greatest cleaning efficiency (86.72%). The RMachine and GoldSaat had 80.64% and 81.59% total efficiency, respectively. In this study, the effects of three different cleaning machines were evaluated on the seed losses percentage and seed cleaning percentage of all outputs in various precleaning and cleaning machines for cleaning wheat seeds. Materials and Methods In this study, three types of various cleaning systems were investigated to study their performances on wheat cleaning rate in Hamedan Province. Generally, a cleaning system is constructed of 5 parts: (1) precleaning machine, (2) cleaning machine, (3) Trieurs, (4) weighting system, (5). packaging system. In this study, the term  cleaning system refers to only the first and the second part of the cleaning system. The cleaning systems in the study were (Table 1): (1) RMachine with precleaning machine model ARS2000, made in Iran, (2) RamSanat with precleaning machine model RAM200, made in Iran, and (3) GoldSaat with precleaning machine model GS100S, made in Germany. Table 1 shows the characteristics of three different cleaning systems, containing cleaning and precleaning machines. Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the inputs and outputs of the wheat cleaning system (containing precleaning and cleaning machines with Trieurs). Some factors were considered and determined as the following: (1) theoretical and practical capacity in ton/ha: based on the factory’s manual, the theoretical capacity for precleaning machine and cleaning machine were 20 and 5 tons/ha, respectively; whereas, the practical capacity was calculated 2.2 tons/ha for total system (precleaning machine and cleaning machine); (2) purity percentage of wheat input: this factor was determined for the precleaning machine as follows: purity percentage of healthy seeds input = (weight of healthy seeds / total weight) × 100; (3) loss percentage of all outputs in the precleaning machine, loss percentage of all outputs in the cleaning machine, and the total loss percentage of the system, as below: Loss percentage of each of output on the cleaning system = (weight of lost seeds / total weight) × 100. A completely randomized design was used in the research and Duncan’s test was used to compare the means results. Results and Discussion Table 2 shows the means of different parts of cleaning systems (containing precleaning and cleaning machines) by Duncan’s method. Thus: PreCleaning Machine: Wheat input impurity or purity percentage: Table 2 indicates nonsignificant differences between wheat input impurity and purity percentage as affected by various wheat input to the cleaning system. Loss percentage in the second suction of the precleaning machine: Table 2 indicates significant differences between loss percentage in the second suction of the precleaning machine. The maximum loss percentage belonged to RamSanat, and the GoldSaat had the minimum amount. Cleaning Machine: Loss percentage in suction: the result shows significant differences between loss percentage in primary and final suction of the cleaning system. Loss percentage in sieves of the cleaning machine: Table 2 indicates significant differences between loss percentage in the top of the upper sieve and below th downer sieve of the cleaning machine. Loss percentage in barely cleaning and semiwheat cleaning parts: based on Table 2, a significant difference between them is observed. The maximum losses belonged to RamSanat, and the RMachine had the minimum amount. Cleaning System (PreCleaning and Cleaning Machine Combination): Purity percentage of wheat output (last purity): the results of the analysis of the variance show that all cleaning machines have the seed final purity percentage greater than 98%. Total loss percentage of the system: the results show that the total loss percentage of GoldSaat, RMachine and RamSanat are 6.04%, 2.97% and 4.4%, respectively. Also, the results show that seed loss is zero for meshed cylinder, but the wheat loss of precleaning and cleaning machines for all outlets is significant (p < 1%). These results are in agreement with Safarzadeh, (1993) and Jilanchi et al., (1997). Conclusion The results show that all three cleaning machines have the final purity seed percentage greater than 98%, and also the minimum wheat loss (3.0%) belonged to RamSanat cleaning machine. The RMachine and GoldSaat had 4.4% and 6.0% total loss.