ارزیابی سازگاری و پایداری لاین‌های جهش‌یافته کلزای زمستانه در مناطق سرد و نیمه سردسیر ایران به روش gge بای پلات

این پژوهش به منظور بررسی پایداری و سازگاری عملکرد دانه و شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های پرمحصول کلزا در ایستگاه‌های تحقیقاتی مناطق سرد و نیمه سردسیر شامل کرج، زرقان، اصفهان و کرمانشاه انجام گرفت. در این بررسی تعداد 16 لاین جهش‌یافته کلزا به همراه والدین آن‌ها و سه رقم تجاری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی (1396-1394) در کرج مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه مرکب (دو سال و چهار مکان) نشان داد که اثرات ساده سال و ژنوتیپ، اثر متقابل سال در مکان، ژنوتیپ در مکان و اثر متقابل سال در مکان در ژنوتیپ برای عملکرد دانه از نظر آماری معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین وکمترین عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب مربوط به کرمانشاه با 4016 کیلوگرم در هکتار و زرقان با 2886 کیلوگرم در هکتار بوده و لاین t9004 با متوسط عملکرد دانه 3840 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد دانه را در بین ارقام و لاین‌ها مورد بررسی داشت. برای مطالعه اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ در محیط از روش gge  بای پلات استفاده شد. بر اساس نمودار چند ضلعی مربوط به ژنوتیپ‌ها، لاین‌های، z8006، z9007، okapi و z8003 به ترتیب در کرج، زرقان، کرمانشاه و اصفهان بیشترین عملکرد را تولید نمودند. هم‌چنین براساس نمودار ژنوتیپ ایده‌آل فرضی و نمودار بای پلات ژنوتیپ‌ها و محیط‌ها، لاین‌z9007 باتوجه به معیار پایداری در روش gge و مقایسه رتبه‌بندی عملکرد دانه، پایداری مطلوب‌تری را نشان داد و به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ برتر از لحاظ تولید دانه و نیز پایداری عملکرد شناسایی شد.

Evaluation of Adaptation and Sustainabilit of Winter Oilseed Rape Mutant Lines in Cold and Mild Cold Regions of Iran by GGE Biplot Method

AbstractIntroductionOilseed rape is the third most important oil crop in the world after oil palm and soybean. The world’s oilseed rape production was 4.6 million tons in 20182019 and has the ability to compensate for the lack of edible oil in Iran (containing 4045% oil). The production of this crop is mainly done by using two zero cultivars with a low level of glucosinolate in the feed and the absence of Erucic acid in the oil. Two types of oilseed rape are cultivated in Iran, spring and autumn. Spring type is cultivated in warm regions of the Caspian Sea coast and southern regions of the country and its autumn type is mostly cultivated in cold and mild cold regions. Materials and MethodsIn this study 16 rapeseed mutant lines obtained through Gama radiation of three rapeseed cultivars Talaye, Zarfam and Express with 800, 900 and 1200 gray dose rates, followed by 7 selfing generation, are compared during two years for earliness, seed and oil yield and other important agronomic traits in four regions Karaj, Kermanshah, Esfahan and Zarghan with three check varieties. The oil content of rapeseed varieties and lines were determined by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) at chemic laboratory of Oilseed Crops Research Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Finally, the highest yield early maturity lines were defined. Each treatment was sown in plot with four rows, four meters lenght and 30 cm between row distances. The experimental field was prepared in late summer and chemical fertilizer were given to it. The sowing experiment were planned for late week of September until the first week of October.At the end of each cropping year, the yield of each plot was harvested separately and the statistical calculations were carried out after the gathering of two years results by GGE biplot method. Results and DiscussionResults of combined ANOVA showed that main effects of year and genotype, interaction of location ×genotype; year × location, and interaction of year, location and genotype had significant effects on grain yield. The genotypes showed the highest and the lowest grain yield in Kermanshah 4016 kg/ha and Zarghan 2886 kg/ha stations, respectively. Line T9004 produced the highest grain yield 3840 kg/ha in all locations. To study the interaction of genotypes and environments, GGE biplot method was used. Based on the polygonal graphs related to genotypes, line Z8006, Z9007, Okapi and Z8003 produced the highest yield in Karaj, Zarghan, Kermanshah and Esfahan, respectively. Regarding the imaginary ideal genotype graph and biplot of genotypes and environments and seed yield ranking, line Z9007 were identified as the best genotypes due to its higher yield and stability. ConclusionIn Iran, 70% of rapeseed production is done in warm regions and only 30% in cold regions. Therefore, breeding coldtolerant cultivars by using mutations will increase rapeseed cultivation in the cold region of Iran.