ارزیابی حساسیت برخی مراحل فنولوژیکی ژنوتیپ‌های گندم در پاسخ به تنش خشکی

این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی حساسیت برخی مراحل فنولوژیکی ژنوتیپ‌های گندم به تنش خشکی در دو سال زراعی 94-1393 و 93-1392 به‌صورت کرت‌های یک بار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اصلی تیمارهای تنش خشکی و عامل فرعی چهار ژنوتیپ گندم بودند. عملکرد دانه در تیمار شاهد 4919 و در تیمارهای عدم آبیاری در مراحل پنجه‌زنی، رشد طولی ساقه، ظهور سنبله و رشد دانه به‌ترتیب 4109، 4442، 3988 و 4455 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. بیشترین مقدار شاخص حساسیت برای عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در سنبله و تعداد دانه در واحد سطح به‌ترتیب با 1.47، 1.39، 1.33، 4.80 و 1.75 به مرحله ظهور سنبله تعلق داشت. حساسیت بیشتر عملکرد دانه به تنش خشکی در مرحله ظهور سنبله را می‌توان به اثر تنش خشکی بر تکوین گلچه‌ها و اختلال در گرده‌افشانی منتسب نمود.

Evaluation of Succeptibility of Some Phenological Stages of Wheat Genotypes in Response to Drought Stress

Abstract   Background and Objectives Wheat is ihe most important crop in Khoozestan proviance. Under such a condition wheat experience drought stress in response to both low water resource limitaion and respiration. Detremination of tolerant trais, is one of the most important goals in wheat breeding programs under stress conditions. This research was carriedout to study the susceptibilty of some phenological stages of wheat genotypes based on grain yield and its components.   Materials and Methods The research was conducted in split plot experiment using complete randomized block desgin with three replications, in 201011 and 201112 cropping seasons. The main plots included full irrgation as the check and irrigation withholding at tillering, stem elongation, heading and grain filling stages, and the sub plots consisted of four wheat genotypes. Days to some phenological stages, grain yield and yield components were measured. Planting seeds of each genotype was conducted based on 400 seeds per square meter in six planting lines with six meters in length and 20 cm spacing between lines. By monitoring the meteorological forecast, in case of probability of rainfall, for protection of the field from possible rain, a metal guard with 1.2m height and covered with transparent polyethylene was used.   Results The effect of year was not significant for any of the studied traits. The effect of irrigation stress treatment on grain yield and its components was significant. Except for biological yield and number of grain per spike, the differences between genotypes were significant for all traits, and the interaction of irrigation × genotype treatment for all traits studied in this study was significant.Results indicated that grain yield in normal irrigation was 4919 Kg/ha and in irrigation withholding  at tillering, stem elongation, heading and grain filling growth stages were 4109, 4442, 3988 and 4455 Kg/ha respectivley. Heading stage was evalated as the highest susceptible, for biological yield, grain yield, haevest index, grain per spike and grain per unit area with succeptibilty indices of 1.47, 1.39, 1.33, 4.80 and 1.75 respectivley.   Discussion According to the results of this study, due to the more severe effect of drought stress on grain yield at spike emergence stage, irrigation is important at this stage. In the absence of irrigation at the mentioned stage, yield reduction will be higher than nonirrigation at other stages. Thus, based on succeptibilty index, compared to other stages, heading and grain filling stages were evaluated as the highest and lowest susceptible stages in response to water dificit respectivley.