a study of angiospermic diversity and their ecological attributes from eroded areas along the river kurram, khyber pakhtunkhwa, pakistan

This study, conducted from 2017 to 2022, assessed and annotated a checklist of angiosperm species and their ecological attributes from the eroded areas along the river kurram across an altitudinal gradient. the annotated list comprises 425 species belonging to 91 families, including 342 dicotyledonous species (80.47%) and 83 monocotyledonous species (19.52%). among the families, poaceae was dominant, comprising 42 species (9.88%), followed by asteraceae with 37 species (8.70%). fabaceae and amaranthaceae each had 32 species (7.52%), with an additional 23 species (5.41%) for amaranthaceae. solanaceae also had 32 species (7.52%), followed by brassicaceae with 15 species (3.52%), and euphorbiaceae and polygonaceae each with 13 species (3.05%). the remaining families had 12 species (2.82%) or fewer. the biological spectrum showed that therophytes were the most prevalent life form, with 228 species (53.64%), followed by hemicryptophytes with 44 species (10.35%), nanophanerophytes with 39 species (9.17%), and geophytes with 32 species (7.52%). the leaf size spectrum revealed that nanophylls accounted for 138 species (32.47%), followed by microphylls with 119 species (28.00%), while 10 species were aphyllous. additionally, 286 species (67.29%) had a simple leaf lamina, and 24 species (5.64%) had a spiny leaf lamina. the habitats in the study area are severely affected by continuous landslides and soil erosion, primarily due to overflooding and other natural disasters.

a study of angiospermic diversity and their ecological attributes from eroded areas along the river kurram, khyber pakhtunkhwa, pakistan

this study, conducted from 2017 to 2022, assessed and annotated a checklist of angiosperm species and their ecological attributes from the eroded areas along the river kurram across an altitudinal gradient. the annotated list comprises 425 species belonging to 91 families, including 342 dicotyledonous species (80.47%) and 83 monocotyledonous species (19.52%). among the families, poaceae was dominant, comprising 42 species (9.88%), followed by asteraceae with 37 species (8.70%). fabaceae and amaranthaceae each had 32 species (7.52%), with an additional 23 species (5.41%) for amaranthaceae. solanaceae also had 32 species (7.52%), followed by brassicaceae with 15 species (3.52%), and euphorbiaceae and polygonaceae each with 13 species (3.05%). the remaining families had 12 species (2.82%) or fewer. the biological spectrum showed that therophytes were the most prevalent life form, with 228 species (53.64%), followed by hemicryptophytes with 44 species (10.35%), nanophanerophytes with 39 species (9.17%), and geophytes with 32 species (7.52%). the leaf size spectrum revealed that nanophylls accounted for 138 species (32.47%), followed by microphylls with 119 species (28.00%), while 10 species were aphyllous. additionally, 286 species (67.29%) had a simple leaf lamina, and 24 species (5.64%) had a spiny leaf lamina. the habitats in the study area are severely affected by continuous landslides and soil erosion, primarily due to overflooding and other natural disasters.