مطالعۀ خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی ماشک (vicia peregrina l.) در مناطقی از غرب ایران با استفاده از روش‌های تک‌متغیره و چندمتغیره آماری

ماشک با نام علمی (vicia peregrina l.) از بقولات علوفه‌ای کشور است که محققین و ذینفعان به علت پرورش در بسیاری از محیط‌ها به آنها توجه داشته‌اند. در این مطالعه، ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک و زراعی شش اکوتیپ جمع‌آوری‌شده گیاه ماشک در مناطقی از غرب ایران در اوایل خردادماه 1403 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار، بررسی و روابط بین صفات مختلف با کمک روش‌های تک‌متغیره و چندمتغیره آماری تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل شدند. در این مطالعه، تجزیه واریانس، به‌طور واضح، تنوع ذاتی در اکوتیپ‌ها بر مبنای صفات مورد مطالعه را مشخص کرد. مقایسه میانگین صفات درخصوص اکوتیپ‌ها نیز قادر به تفکیک اکوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه بود. اکوتیپ 3  (شهر بهار) و اکوتیپ 1 (تپه‌عباس‌آباد همدان) در دورترین گروه‌ها نسبت به هم قرار گرفتند. همبستگی فنوتیپی بین صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد بین وزن‌تر کل مجموع سه بوته با صفت شاخص کلروفیل اسپد به اندازه (0.593) همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار در سطح احتمال 1 درصد (p≤%1) وجود داشت. بین صفت وزن خشک کل مجموع سه بوته با صفت وزن تر کل مجموع سه بوته همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری به اندازه (0.935) در سطح احتمال 1 درصد  (p≤%1) وجود داشت؛ یعنی با افزایش مجموع وزن تر گیاهان متعاقب آن، وزن خشک گیاهان نیز افزایش یافت. گیاه ماشک با خصوصیات مطلوب، شایسته تحقیقات همه‌جانبه و طرح‌های به‌نژادی مشارکتی است که می‌توان در مطالعات و پژوهش‌های آتی محققین از این نتایج در به‌نژادی استفاده شود.

the study of the morphological characteristics of the vicia peregrina l. in the regions of western iran using univariate and multivariate statistical methods

vetch is one of the forage legumes of the country, which has been favored by researchers and stakeholders due to its cultivation in many environments. in this study, the morphological and agronomic characteristics of six ecotypes collected in areas of the west of iran in early june 2024 in the form of randomized complete block design in three repetitions were investigated and the relationships between different traits were analyzed with the help of statistical univariate and multivariate methods. in this study, analysis of variance clearly identified the inherent diversity in ecotypes based on the studied traits. the comparison of average traits regarding ecotypes effectively separate the studied ecotypes. ecotype 3 (shahre bahar) and ecotype 1 (tape-abbas-abad, hamedan) were placed in the farthest groups from each other, which can be used in the future studies and researches of these results in plant breeding. it shows the phenotypic correlation between the studied traits positive and significant correlation there was between the total fresh weight of the three plants with the chlorophyll index trait (0.593) the probability level of 1% (p≤1%). there was a positive and significant correlation (0.935) between the total dry weight of the three plants and the total fresh weight of the three plants at the probability level of 1% (p≤1%), that is, with the increase in the total fresh weight of the subsequent plants.key words: multivariate statistical analysis, genetic diversity, west of iran, vicia peregrina introduction the vetch genus (vicia l.) has about 40 species, 2 subspecies, and 4 varieties in the fields and pastures of iran, all of which are capable of feeding livestock. in terms of fodder consumption, the vetch genus is among the species of the legume family (jalilian et al., 2014; pakravan et al., 2000). due to the importance of the vetch plant in feeding livestock, its ability to grow in low-yield lands, its tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress conditions, as well as its role in improving soil fertility, this plant was chosen as the focus of this research. additionally, while collecting this plant from various regions in the west of iran, its agronomic traits were initially evaluated. materials and methods the plant materials used in this research, in the form of six ecotypes, include 1) hamedan with herbarium number 274, 2) asadabad with herbarium number 275, 3) bahar with herbarium number 276, 4) tuyserkan with herbarium number 277, 5) kangavar with herbarium number 278, and 6) sahne with herbarium number 279, which were collected from the western provinces of the country, including the two provinces of hamedan and kermanshah, and are kept in the herbarium of the central laboratory of payame noor university in asadabad. the ecotypes of this research were collected on june 1, 2024. the traits studied include the chlorophyll index in leaves, plant height (whole plant including stem and root), total fresh weight of three plants, total dry weight of three plants, number of leaves per plant, length of plant, total fresh weight of five plants per stem, and the total dry weight of five legumes per stem. statistical analyses of the data include analysis of variance (f test), comparison of trait averages, correlation between traits (pearson’s method) using mstat-c software, and cluster analysis (by ward’s method) using spss version 26. results and discussion variance analysis and comparison of trait based on the analysis of variance, the chlorophyll index trait was significant at the 5% probability level (p≤5%), and the traits for the total fresh weight of three plants, the total dry weight of three plants, the total fresh weight of five plants, and the total dry weight of five plants were significant at the 1% probability level (p≤1%). other traits did not show a significant difference. the significance of the above traits shows the diversity between the studied ecotypes in terms of specific traits, which means that these significant traits can be used in cross-breeding research to select high-yielding genotypes and make selections. based on the comparison of the mean traits studied in the vetch ecotypes, ecotype 1 (abbas abad hill ecotype, hamadan) and ecotype 5 (kangavar ecotype) were placed in different groups in terms of the chlorophyll index trait compared to other ecotypes. the highest mean was related to ecotype 1 (abbas abad hill ecotype, hamadan), and the lowest mean was related to ecotype 2 (asadabad). cluster analysis and grouping of collected massesbased on cluster analysis, the studied ecotypes were classified into three separate statistical groups. ecotypes 3 and 4 (bahar and tuyserkan) were in the first group, ecotypes 2, 6, and 5 (asadabad, sahne, and kangavar) were in the second group, and ecotype 1 (hamedan) was in the third statistical group. in the grouping of genotypes based on genetic distance, when several traits are examined at the same time, it is effective in breeding programs to produce new genotypes. for this reason, in studies, cluster analysis is used to determine the pattern of genetic diversity, group cultivars, and determine the genetic distance between them. correlation analysis correlation between traits is useful in planning and evaluating improvement programs. based on the phenotypic correlation analysis, there is a positive and significant correlation between the total fresh weight of the three plants and the chlorophyll index trait, which is as high as (0.593) at the probability level of 1% (p≤1%). as the weight of the plant increases, the chlorophyll index increases, which indicates that photosynthesis is active in green plants, and this result is completely consistent and logical. there is a positive and significant correlation (0.935) between the total dry weight of the three plants and the total fresh weight of the three plants at the probability level of 1% (p≤1%), meaning that with the increase in the total fresh weight, the dry weight of plants also increases. there was a positive and significant correlation (0.650) between the dry weight trait of five legumes and the wet weight trait of five legumes at the probability level of 1% (p≤1%). this indicates that with the increase in the wet weight of the five legumes, the dry weight also increased. conclusion ecotype 1 (abbasabad hill, hamadan) was able to obtain the highest yield of the whole plant, which can be used and exploited in future breeding programs for propagation and cultivation by conducting preliminary tests. it is also recommended that in future research, more samples should be taken, and related studies should be conducted on a larger scale, so that the results can be judged more confidently. acknowledgmenti especially appreciate the work of dr. nastaran jalilian, a plant systematics expert at the kermanshah agricultural and natural resources research center, for identifying the species studied in this research.