بررسی خواص فیتوشیمیایی موسیر (allium stipitatum) جمع‌آوری‌شده از برخی مناطق غرب ایران

موسیر (allium stipitatum) یک گیاه خوراکی و دارویی بومی ایران است که از خانواده نرگسیان و جنس آلیوم بوده و یکی از مهم‌ترین منابع گیاهی ترکیبات گوگردی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی است. به‌منظور بررسی خواص فیتوشیمیایی غده‌های موسیر برخی مناطق غرب کشور (استان‌های همدان و کرمانشاه)، آزمایشی طراحی شد و از هر اکوتیپ شامل پنج رویشگاه اسدآباد، بهار، تویسرکان، همدان و کنگاور، غده‌های موسیر، جمع‌آوری و صفات آلیسین، پلی‌فنول کل، پروتئین و درصد ماده خشک مطالعه شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس روی هریک از صفات بررسی‌شده نشان داد ازنظر درصد ماده خشک غده، پروتئین و پلی‌فنول کل، تفاوت معنی‌داری بین پنج رویشگاه مطالعه‌شده مشاهده شد. موسیر همدان ازنظر میزان پروتئین، بیشترین مقدار و موسیر تویسرکان کمترین مقدار را داشت و بیشترین درصد ماده خشک غده در موسیر بهار و کمترین آن در موسیر اسدآباد ملاحظه شد. موسیر بهار و اسدآباد دارای بیشترین پلی‌فنول کل بود؛ درحالی‌که کمترین درصد پلی‌فنول کل در موسیر همدان وجود داشت؛ بنابراین، به نظر می‌رسد از بین مناطق مطالعه‌شده، شهرستان بهار شرایط بهتری را برای رشد و تجمع ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی در غده موسیر تامین می‌کند که معمولاً در صنعت داروسازی مفید هستند.

investigating the phytochemical properties of mosir (allium stipitatum regel.) collected from various western regions of iran

mosir (allium stipitatum regel.) is an edible and medicinal plant native to iran. it belongs to the amaryllidaceae family and is one of the most important plant sources of sulfur compounds and antioxidants. to investigate the phytochemical properties of mosir tubers collected from various western regions of the country, an experiment was designed. mosir tubers were collected from five habitats: asadabad, bahar, tuyserkan, hamadan, and kangavar. the traits of allicin, total polyphenol, protein, and percentage of dry matter were studied. the results of the analysis of variance for each of the studied traits indicated a significant difference among the various mosir collection points in terms of tuber dry matter percentage, protein percentage, and total polyphenol percentage. mosir from hamadan exhibited the highest protein content, while tuyserkan had the lowest. the highest percentage of tuber dry matter was found in bahar and the lowest in asadabad. mosir from bahar and asadabad had the highest total polyphenol content, while mosir from hamadan had the lowest percentage of total polyphenols. it appears that among the studied areas, bahar city provides more favorable conditions for the growth and accumulation of phytochemical compounds in mosir tubers, which are valuable in the pharmaceutical industry.keywords: allicin, protein, polyphenol, tuber dry matter, mosir introductionmosir (allium stipitatum regel.) is a perennial plant of the amaryllidaceae family. this family is one of the most important plant sources of sulfur and antioxidant compounds (marrelli et al., 2019). iran possesses favorable conditions for the growth and development of members of this family. mosir is one of the native and valuable genera of iran and grows wild in the pastures and slopes of the zagros mountain range (ebrahimi et al., 2008). due to its high amounts of sulfur compounds, it has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties (ghodrati et al., 2008). most of these medicinal properties are attributed to the presence of a sulfur compound called allicin, which is the most important known sulfur and antibacterial compound in the mosir plant. the antioxidant properties of mosir are attributed to phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, which play an important role in improving health and increasing the resistance of the human body against oxidative stress (pizzino et al., 2017). mosir contains important sulfur compounds including allicin (di-allylthiosulfanate), saponin, sapogenin, ajoene, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, and s-allyl cysteine. due to the presence of phenolic and organosulfur compounds as well as allicin, the mosir plant has significant antioxidant properties that reduce free radicals and inhibit lipid oxidation (tony et al., 2015). considering the importance of mosir as a medicinal plant in terms of its phytochemical traits, the upcoming study aims to evaluate these traits in samples collected from the mountainous regions of western iran, especially from hamadan and kermanshah provinces. materials and methodsbased on information collected from rural promotion and development offices of various cities, documented information from the ministry of agriculture, and with the cooperation of plant systematics experts, mosir plants from five different habitats were accurately identified and collected. these habitats include asadabad in the west of hamadan province, bahar in the northwest of hamadan province, tuyserkan in the southwest of hamadan province, hamadan in the central part of hamadan province, and kangavar in the east of kermanshah province. six medium-sized and healthy mosir tubers from each ecotype were randomly selected and transferred to the pishgaman keifiat part laboratory in hamadan city. the allicin content of mosir samples was calculated based on the spectrophotometric method using a combination of 4-mercaptopyridine (baghalian et al., 2005). total polyphenol content was determined using the folin-ciocalteu method (chen et al., 2013; mlcek et al., 2015). the percentage of dry matter in mosir tubers was determined by calculating the fresh and dry weight of the tubers (argyropoulos and müller, 2014). protein content was measured using bradford’s method with bovine serum albumin as the standard (bradford, 1976). this research was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications, using spss version 19 statistical software. mean comparisons were made using duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% probability level, and correlations were checked with pearson’s test at the 1% and 5% probability levels. research findingsthe results of the analysis of variance on each of the examined traits showed that, contrary to the allicin percentage, there was a significant difference between different mosir collection points in terms of traits such as protein percentage, tuber dry matter percentage, and total polyphenol percentage. the geographical area of the mosir harvesting site had a significant effect on the protein percentage and total polyphenol trait at the one percent probability level (p≤1%) and on the tuber dry matter percentage trait at the five percent probability level (p≤5%). mean comparison with duncan’s test revealed that among the six tubers collected from five ecotypes, the mosir plants in the hamadan region had the highest protein content (3.05%), while those in tuyserkan had the lowest (2.14%). this difference in protein levels among mosir tubers may be attributed to variations in soil nitrogen content across different regions. the highest percentage of tuber dry matter was found in mosirs collected from bahar (29.12%) and the lowest (26.22%) in those collected from asadabad. mosirs collected from bahar and asadabad regions had the highest total polyphenol content (0.15%), while the lowest percentage of total polyphenol (0.12%) was found in mosirs collected from hamadan. phenolic compounds are secondary plant compounds that have a positive correlation with the plant’s antioxidant capacity. the amount of allicin in all five regions, without significant difference at the 5% probability level, were placed in the same group. discussion of results conclusionthe protein percentage, dry matter percentage, and total polyphenol percentage characteristics of tubers harvested from different geographical regions exhibited significant differences. the results indicated that the mosir plant in the hamadan region had the highest protein content, while in tuyserkan, it had the lowest. the highest percentage of tuber dry matter was observed in mosirs collected from bahar and the lowest in mosirs collected from asadabad. mosirs collected from bahar and asadabad regions had the highest total polyphenol content, while the lowest percentage of total polyphenols was found in mosirs collected from hamadan. therefore, it appears that among the studied areas, bahar is more suitable for providing the necessary conditions for the growth and accumulation of phytochemical compounds that are valuable in the pharmaceutical industry. it is recommended to carefully examine bahar for its potential in cultivating mosir. additionally, it is suggested to compare the phytochemical compounds of cultivated and wild mosirs in these areas, while thoroughly examining the climatic and soil conditions of the mentioned regions.