مطالعه ترکیب فلوریستیکی منطقه جاجی‌آریوب، استان پکتیا، کشور افغانستان

در این مطالعه ترکیب فلوریستیکی، شکل زیستی و پراکندگی جغرافیایی گیاهان شهرستان جاجی‌آریوب، واقع در شمال استان پکتیا در کشور افغانستان شناسایی شده‌اند. پس از جمع‌آوری نمونه‌های گیاهی از رویشگاه‌های طبیعی شناسایی گونه‌ها براساس منابع موجود انجام شد. براساس نتایج حاصل، در مجموع 102 گونه متعلق به 90 جنس و 39 تیره شناسایی شدند. چهار تیره بزرگ‌ منطقه شامل کاسنیان (asteraceae)، باقلائیان (fabaceae)، نعناییان (lamiaceae) و گلسرخیان (rosaceae) هستند. نتایج نشان دادند گیاهان تروفیت‌ با 36 گونه، فانروفیت با 27 گونه و همی‌کریپتوفیت‌ با 23 گونه، رایج‌ترین اشکال زیستی منطقه‌اند. ازنظر پراکندگی جغرافیایی، عناصر چندناحیه‌ای با 39 گونه و ایرانی - تورانی با 21 گونه عناصر غالب منطقه‌اند. مقایسه اطلاعات فلوریستیکی منطقه با فلورا ایرانیکا و فلور افغانستان حاکی از آن است که منطقه جاجی‌آریوب دارای 62 گونه مشترک با فلور ایران و 71 گونه مشترک با سایر مناطق فلور افغانستان است. همچنین، نتایج این مطالعه به گزارش گونه‌ جدید برای فلور افغانستان (1 گونه) و استان پکتیا (19 گونه) منجر شد. در این بررسی مشخص شد منطقه مطالعه‌شده، پوشش گیاهی متنوع، گونه‌های با ارزش دارویی (43 گونه) و انحصاری شامل colutea afghanica و iris cabulica دارد.

a study on floristic composition of jaji aryob district, paktia province, afghanistan

this study aims to identify the floristic composition, life form and geographical distribution of plants in jaji aryob region, located in the north of paktia province, afghanistan. following the collection of plant samples from natural habitats, identification was conducted using the existing references. based on the results, a total of 102 species belonging to 90 genera and 39 families were identified. asteraceae, fabaceae, lamiaceae and rosaceae were the four largest families within the study area. therophytes with 36 species, phanerophytes with 27 species and hemicryptophytes with 23 were found to be the most common life forms in the study region. in terms of geographical distribution, the most dominant elements in the region were pluriregional elements with 39 species and irano-turanian elements with 21 species. the study area consists of 62 common species with iran and 71 common ones with other parts of afghanistan. also, one and 19 new records were reported for afghanistan and paktia province, respectively. the finding of this survey revealed the diverse vegetation present in the area, as well as the presence of 43 valuable medicinal species and two endemic species colutea afghanica and iris cabulica.keywords: afghanistan, flora, jaji aryob, life form, phytogeography introductionvegetation is an important part of natural ecosystems. the flora of each area is a result of the interactions of the plant community with the current environmental conditions and also the evolution of plants. investigating and evaluating the flora of each region, including determining the floristic list, biological spectrum and geographical distribution of its plant species, is important in terms of understanding biodiversity and managing natural resources. the history of floristic studies in afghanistan dates back to the 19th century. since then, especially in the years after the second world war, the most comprehensive floristic study was carried out in the iranian plateau under the title flora iranica, which included the entire country of afghanistan. about 5000 plant species have been reported from this country. unfortunately, due to the problems caused by several decades of war in afghanistan, few floristic studies have been conducted in this country. therefore, it is important to study its flora and vegetation from different aspects in terms of application to restore and improve vegetation, as well as to know the biodiversity of the country.materials and methodsjaji-aryob county is one of the cities of paktia province and is located near the border with pakistan. the height of the area is between 1500 and 2900 meters above sea level. the annual rainfall ranges from 460 to 680 mm, and the annual temperature ranges from +38 to -11 °c. samples were collected in the summer of 2022 and spring of 2023 during 17 trips to the region. the studied stations included 9 stations named goi and kotaki (mountainous areas), spinashage and gol aundi (low altitude and mountain slopes), shukhil, bayankhil, sargol, baralisangi and larlivani (low altitude and riverside). identification of samples was done using different sources including flora iranica (rechinger, 1963-2015), flora of iran (assadi et al., 1989-2021), vascular plants of afghanistan (breckle et al., 2013), flora of china (wu et al., 1994-2013), flora of pakistan (nasir & ali, 1972-1994), color flora collection of iran (ghahreman, 1978-2021) and flora of turkey (davis, 1985-1965). validity of names of plant species or subspecies, as well as how to write the names of the authors of plant names through the international plant name index at http://www.ipni.org and plant of the word online (powo) at https://powo.science.kew.org was assessed. research findingsin the present floristic study, a total of 102 species belonging to 90 genera and 39 families were recorded. among the identified plants, gymnosperms include three families, three genera and four species, eudicots consist of 32 families, 80 genera, 89 species, and monocots consist of four families, seven genera and nine species. the richest families based on the number of species include asteraceae and fabaceae (each with 13 species), lamiaceae and rosaceae (each with 10 species) and brassicaceae (7 species). regarding life form, 36 species are therophyte, 27 species are phanerophytes, 23 species are hemicryptophyte, 12 species are geophytes, and 4 are chamaephyte. in terms of phytogeography, the plants of the studied area are mainly pluriregional (39 species). iranian-turanian elements are in the next rank (21 species). discussion of results and conclusionsin this study, one species was reported as a new record for the flora of afghanistan, as well as 19 species for the flora of paktia province, as well as the report of two endemic species (colutea afghanica and iris cabulica)). according to the results of this study, asteraceae and fabaceae are the richest families in the region in terms of the number of species. also, according to previous studies (breckle et al., 2013; ghahremaninejad et al., 2017), these families are the largest in afghanistan in terms of the number of genera and species. asteraceae with about 136 genera and about 730 species are the first family and fabaceae with about 48 genera and 655 species are the second family of afghanistan.the predominance of the therophytes in the study area is a reflection of the dry climate and the pressure caused by human activities in the area. in addition, human intervention and creating the opportunity to develop annual plants similar to weeds in some areas, especially in shady and humid places near rivers and temporary ponds, are other effective factors in the dominance of this life form.the relatively high percentage of iranian-turanian floristic elements in the floristic composition of the studied area confirms the establishment of the region in the range of iranian-turanian phytogeographical province. considering the prevalence of arid and semi-arid climatic conditions with low winter temperatures in the iranian-turanian region, the existence of a large number of such elements in the region is a reflection of this fact. on the other hand, the decrease in temperature and humidity in such areas prevents the strong presence of other geographical elements such as euro-siberian and mediterranean elements in the area. acknowledgmentthe authors sincerely thank mr. mohammad reza joharchi for his assistance in identifying plant taxa.