a survey on the efficacy of tulathromycin in the treatment of infectious pneumonia of small ruminants in iran

The principle aims of this study were to evaluate clinical, hematological, microbiological and macro and micro pathological effects of tulathromycin on small ruminants infectious pneumonia (ip) and to determine the side effects of the drug in the injected site. for this purpose, all ruminants (10 sheep and 9 goats) with signs of ip were assembled in the khorasanerazavi province veterinary organization research centre. also, all of these animals were free of internal parasite infestations and free of hydrated cysts in the lung tissue. before tularthromycin injection, samples were taken as nasopharyngeal swabs for culturing pasteurella spp. and mycoplasma spp. and performing the cell blood count (cbc) for blood. each animal was injected at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneously. in 24, 48 and 72hours after injection, body temperature (bt), respiratory rate (rr), heart rate (hr), ruminal contraction rate (rcr), lung sounds (ls) and nasal discharges (nd) were recorded between 912 pm. meanwhile on day 1 and day 3, the blood sampling was repeated and on day 3 nasopharyngeal swabs were repeated. furthermore, 9 sheep and goats were killed on day 9 and the remainders were killed on the day 15 following injection and postmortem inspections were conducted on lungs. from cases with lung lesions, a sample was taken for histopathological examination. the data showed that: a) the mean difference of bt, rr and hr of 0, 24, 48, and 72hrs after tulathromycin injection was significantly different (p < 0.05). b) the mean difference of no. wbc and % neutrophils of 0, 24, 48, 72hrs was significant (p < 0.05). c) pasteurella spp. was isolated from all sheep and goats before injection while this organism was cultured in only 2 of the animals on day 3 after tulathromycin injection (p < 0.05). d) mycoplasma spp. was cultured from 57.9% of the small ruminants and the results were identical in the second culturing with the exception of one animal. mycoplasma spp. was cultured from 57.9% of the small ruminants and the results were identical in the second culturing with the exception of one animal. e) 50% and 44.4% of the sheep and goats that were killed on the 9th and 15th days postinjection showed various pulmonary lesions including apical lob consolidation, apical lob consolidation plus adhesion, bronchopneumonia plus observed pleurisy. on the basis of this investigation tulathromycin has not had any antibacterial effect on mycoplasma spp.

ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﺘﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ درﻣﺎن ﭘﻮﻧﻮﻣﻮﻧﯽ ﻧﺸﺨﻮارﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﮐﻮﭼﮏ

ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ ,ﺧﻮن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﯿﮑﺮوب ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و اﺛﺮات آﺳﯿﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﮑﺮو و ﻣﺎﮐﺮو داروی ﺗﻮﻟﺘﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﺑـﺮ ﭘﻨﻮﻣـﻮﻧﯽ ﺑـﺰ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎی 9 ﮔﻮﺳـﻔﻨﺪ و 10 ﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ ﻧﺸﺨﻮارﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻮارض ﺳﻮء ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از دارو در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ اﺳﺖ .ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﭘ اره داﻣﭙﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮی ﺟﻤﻊ آوری ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺎری از اﻧﮕﻞ ﻫﺎی داﺧﻠﯽ و ﮐﯿﺴﺖ ﻫﯿﺪاﺗﯿﺪ رﯾﻮی ﺑﻮدﻧ ﻨﻮﻣﻮﻧﯽ در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اد ﺪ . ﺑـﻪ mg/kg2,5 ﺳﻮاپ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺣﻠﻘﯽ ﺑﺮای ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﺳﺘﻮرﻻ و ﻣﺎﯾﮑﻮﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻮن ﺑﺮای آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت ﺧﻮن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷـ ﺪ.ﺗﻮﺗﻠﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴـﯿﻦ ﺑـﺎ دور ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت،ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ، ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠﺐ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺣﺮﮐﺎت ﺷـﮑﻤﺒﻪ، ﺻـﺪای 72 و 24،48ﺻﻮرت زﯾﺮﺟﻠﺪی ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ﺷﺪ و در ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎی ﺻﻔﺮ، ﺳﻮاپ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺷـ ﺪ.ﻻزم ﺑـﻪ ذﮐـﺮ 3 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺧﻮن و روز 3 و 1 ﺻﺒﺢ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ .در روزﻫﺎی 12 ﺗﺎ 9رﯾﻪ و ﻧﻮع ﺗﺮﺷﺤﺎت ﺑﯿﻨﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ذﺑﺢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺑﺎزرﺳﯽ ﭘﺲ از ﮐﺸﺘﺎر ﺑﺮ روی ﺑﺎﻓـﺖ رﯾـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ و از ﻣـﻮارد ﺑـﺎ 15 و ﺑﻘﯿﻪ در روز 9 ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ و ﺑﺰ در روز 2 اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺮاﺣﺖ رﯾﻮی ﯾﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﺑﺮای آﺳﯿﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﭘـﺲ از ﺗﺰرﯾـﻖ 72و 24،48 (اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داری ﺑﯿﻦ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺪن، ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠﺒﻮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﻨﻔﺲ در زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎی ﺻـﻔﺮ ، 1 :ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﭘـﺲ از ﺗﺰرﯾـﻖ 72و 24،48 (اﺧﺘﻼف آﻣﺎری ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داری ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﯾﭽﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺳﻔﯿﺪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻮﺗﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﻫﺎ در زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎی ﺻﻔﺮ،2.ﺗﻮﻟﺘﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ وﺟﻮد دارد ﻣـﻮرد اﯾـﻦ ﺑـﺎﮐﺘﺮی از 2 (در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ی ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺘﻮرﻻ ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪ اﻣﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ﺗﻮﻟﺘﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ در 3. ﺗﻮﻟﺘﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ وﺟﻮد دارد.وﺟﻮد دارد (ﺟﺮاﺣﺎت رﯾﻮی ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه در ﻧﯿﻤﯽ از ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪان و 5. %ﻣﻮارد ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ﺗﻮﻟﺘﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﯾﮑﻮﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪ 57,9 (در 4.ﺳﻮاپ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪ . %ﺑﺰﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻟﻮب آﭘﯿﮑﺎل، ﺟﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺮوﻧﮑﻮﭘﻨﻮﻣﻮﻧﯽ و ﭘﻠﻮرزی ﺑﻮد 44 ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ داروی ﺗﻮﻟﺘﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﻫﯿﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺿﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﺑﺮ روی ﻣﺎﯾﮑﻮﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎ ﻧﺪارد.