seroprevalence and risk factors for infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine parainfluenza virus-3, and bovine adenovirus-3 in dairy cattle farms of fars province, southern iran

The seroprevalences of brsv, bpiv-3, and bav-3 were studied in the dairy cattle of fars province in the south of iran and their associated risk factors were determined. serum samples (n = 420) were collected from 36 cattle herds in the northern, central, and southern regions of the study area. commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to detect antibodies against these viruses. the chi-square test and logistic regression were used to identify potential risk factors. antibodies were estimated 100% for all the studied viruses at the herd level and 76.43%, 76.90%, and 92.62% at the animal level for brsv, bpiv-3, and bav-3, respectively. in logistic regression analysis, age for all the viruses, season for bpiv-3 and bav-3, and region and farming type for bav-3 were significantly related to seroprevalence at the animal level. a significant association of dual infections with studied viruses was identified. the present study demonstrated that brsv, bpiv-3, and bav-3 are very prevalent in the dairy herds of southern iran and highlighted the necessity to establish a control program.