دیالکتیک شر در فلسفه هگل

ﺷﺮ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻫﺎی اﺧﻼﻗ ﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن دو ﻓﺮد ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻪ ارزشﻫﺎی اﺧﻼﻗ ﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از ﻫﻢ اﺳﺖ. ارزشﻫﺎی اﺧﻼﻗ ﯽ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ آزادی اﻧﺴﺎن ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯽ دارد. اﻧﺴﺎن ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﻓﻌﻠ ﯿﺖﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ آزادی ﺧﻮ ﯾ ﺶ اﺳﺖ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﮕﻞ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ آزادی در ﮔﺮو وﺟﻮد ﺷﺮ اﻣﮑﺎنﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﺗﺮاژدی اﻧﺴﺎن ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﺪف اﯾ ﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر، ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪﭘﺬﯾﺮی وﺟﻮد ﺷﺮ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم آزادی اﺳﺖ؛ زﯾﺮا در ﻧﮕﺎه ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺷﺮ، آزادی اﻧﺴﺎن دﭼﺎر ﺗﺰﻟﺰل ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎه ﻋﻤﯿﻖﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﭘﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای ﺗﺤﻘﻖ آزادی وﺟﻮد ﺷﺮ ﺿﺮوری اﺳﺖ. وﻗﺘﯽ ﻫﺪف ﻓﺮد ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه، ﻣﺤﻘﻖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ آزادیاش اﺳﺖ، او ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪای دروﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺗﮑ ﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﻗﺎﻧﻮن وﺿﻊ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﯾﮕﺮی ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﭘﺲ ﺧﻮد را ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﯽدارد و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ رﯾﺎﮐﺎری دﭼﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ، ﺷﺮ ﻇﻬﻮر ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. آدﻣﯽ در اﯾﻦ وﺿﻊ در ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ ﺟﺎنزﯾﺒﺎ ﯾﺎ ﺷﺮ دﭼﺎر ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﮕﻞ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب آدﻣﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﯿ ﻬﻮدﮔﯽ ﺟﺎنزﯾﺒﺎ و ﺷﺮ، ﺷﺮ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﮥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮی اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ از اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ، ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻏﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﻮد ﯾﻌﻨﯽ آزادی ﺑﺮﺳﺪ؛ اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﮥ ﻫﮕﻞ، ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺻﻠﺢ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﻫﻤﻮاره در ﭼﺮﺧﮥ دﯾﺎﻟﮑﺘ ﯿﮏ، ﺷﺮ و ﺧﯿﺮ در ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕﺮ اﻧﺤﻼل ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ.

dialectic of evil in hegel's philosophy

evil is the result of moral conflicts between two self-aware people who have different moral values. a self-aware person always seeks to actualize his freedom. according to hegel, the realization of freedom comes with evil. so, the purpose of this article is to explain the question of evil and examine its connection with the concept of freedom in the first place, it seems that evil is the negation of human freedom, while the existence of evil is necessary to achieve freedom as a human goal. everyone, whenever he seeks to achieve freedom, should not pay attention to his inner institution to establish law in order to make himself known to others. therefore, the purity of the heart preserves itself, in this way, it suffers hypocrisy, and the result of this hypocrisy is nothing but the appearance of evil. according to hegel's thought, when choosing the beautiful soul or evil, everyone chooses the latter, in order to guide rationality to its ultimate goal, which is freedom