تبیین پرابلماتیک شهر بر مبنای برنامه ریزی محلّه ای (مطالعه موردی: شهر اردبیل)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﺑﺮوز و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ و ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎی ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮی، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه از دﻫﻪ 1340 ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ، ﻟﺰوم ﭼﺎره ﺟﻮﯾﯽ و اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻫﺎ، روش ﻫﺎ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮی را ﺿﺮوری ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺤﻠّﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ در ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاری و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی رﺳﻤﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ اردﺑﯿﻞ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ای اﺳﺖ. روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮای اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺤﻼت ﺑﺮای اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ای ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. داده ﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ دو روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای و ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ و در روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ از اﺑﺰار ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ای ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻌﺪاد 10 ﻣﺤﻠّﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﻨﺠﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ اردﺑﯿﻞ(از ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 2 ﻣﺤﻠّﻪ) ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﻼت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮای ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ آﻣﺎری ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺻﺤﺖ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر 95 درﺻﺪ، 383 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب، ﺗﻌﺪاد 400 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺤﻼت ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss و آزﻣﻮن t-test وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ دار ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺤﻼت ﺷﻬﺮ اردﺑﯿﻞ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی ﻣﺤﻠّﻪ ای ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ: ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﺤﻼت ﺷﻬﺮ اردﺑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن t-test ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺒﻮد ﻋﺪم ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ادﻋﺎ در اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﻫﯿﭻ ﮐﺪام از ﻣﺤﻼت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﺎری از ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺤﻠّﻪ ای ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ. در ﯾﮏ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮی ﻣﺤﻠّﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره 2 از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 1 وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ در ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺤﻠّﻪ ای دارد. اﺑﻌﺎدی ﻫﻢ ﮐﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻی ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺤﻠّﻪ ای در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻈﺮی (ﻋﺪد 3) ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و در ﺻﻮرت ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ دار در ﻣﺤﻼت ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ رﺗﺒﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺤﻼت در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﻧﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺮای رﻓﻊ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎی ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻣﺪل ادﻏﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﭙﻠﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﻼت (ﺑﺮدﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎ) رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﮕﯿﺮد. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ، رﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺷﻬﺮی ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم اﺗﺨﺎذ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی در ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ای و ارﺗﺒﺎط دادن آن ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی اﺳﺖ. اﺗﺨﺎذ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ روﯾﮑﺮدی ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮی در ﻧﻈﺎم رﺳﻤﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ.

a problematic clarification of the city based on neighborhood planning (case study: the city of ardabil, iran)

introduction: the emergence & development of urbanization & urban development issues & challenges, especially since the 1960s, has made it necessary to conduct search in way of finding solutions and presenting theories, methods& management policies regarding urban development. meanwhile, as one of the elements of the spatial-socialorganization of the city, the neighborhood has received less attention in official policy-makings & planning.research aim: the purpose of this study was to identify and explain the framework of problems neighborhoodplanning criteria in the ardabil city.methodology: the present study is of a descriptive-analytical type in nature and applied in terms of its objective. thespatial cluster sampling method has been utilized in order to select the neighborhoods in the study. the research datawere obtained by means of library research & survey methods and the researcher-made questionnaire was used as atool in the survey method. the spatial cluster sampling method was utilized to randomly select 10 neighborhoods assample neighborhoods out of the 5 districts of ardabil city (2 neighborhoods from each district). the number ofsamples in order to complete the questionnaire was obtained as 383 according to the population of each neighborhoodand using cochran's statistical equation with a 95% probability of correctness of speech. in order to be absolutelycertain of the results of this selection, 400 questionnaires were ultimately distributed within the neighborhoods. thenthe spss software and t-test were utilized to assess the problematic situation of the neighborhoods in ardabil interms of neighborhood planning.studied areas: the area under study was namad neighborhoods of ardabil city.results: the results of the t-test indicated that due to the nonexistence of the lack of confirmation of the claim in theassessed aspects, none of the studied neighborhoods are completely free of neighborhood issues & problems. in avisual comparison, neighborhood number 2 of district 1 has a better condition compared to the other districts in termsof having less neighborhood issues & problems. the aspects in which the high level of neighborhood issues is notconfirmed are very close to the theoretical average (number 3) and if neglected & in case the existing levels of thedesired aspects are not strengthened, they may become problematic aspects within the mentioned neighborhoods.conclusion: according to the obtained results, it was observed that the ranking of all neighborhoods is not the samein all three models. thus, to resolve the differences obtained, the copeland integration model was utilized to carry outthe final ranking by comparing the ranking of neighborhoods (wins and losses). finally, it seems that resolving manyof the urban problems requires adopting a programming approach at a neighborhood scale and linking it to the higher& lower levels of planning. applying such an approach requires a review of the official spatial planning system at a national level.