تحلیل فضایی سطح برخورداری نواحی روستایی با رویکرد عدالت توزیعی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان‌های بخش مرکزی شهرستان ارومیه)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻨﺪی از اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﯽ، ﭼﺮا ﮐﻪ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﯽ ﺧﻮد ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﯽ ﻋﺪاﻟﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی ﻣﺴﺎوات ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﺎﯾﺪ از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎی ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪ ﻣﺤﻮر و ﻓﻦ ﺳﺎﻻراﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺟﻮﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ و در آن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻗﺪرت دﻫﺪ. از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ، ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اﺷﺘﺮاک ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی و ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺗﻮزﯾﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻋﺎدﻻﻧﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ دو ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ دﺳﺘ ﯿﺎﺑﯽ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕ ﯽ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ و ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اراﺋﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در راﺳﺘﺎ آﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮی ﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ای، ﮔﺎم اول ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ.ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداری ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اروﻣﯿﻪ از ﻧﻬﺎده ﻫﺎ و اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻨﺪی از اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ: 55 ﻣﺘﻐﯿّﺮ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ 6 ﺑﻌﺪ (آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ- ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ، زﯾﺮﺑﻨﺎﯾﯽ- ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮات و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ- اداری، ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧﯽ و ﺪﻣﺎت) ﺑﺮای ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎی ﮔﺎﺗﻤﻦ، ﻣﻮرﯾﺲ، ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﻋﺪدی و وﯾﮑﻮر رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی و ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ: ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، دﻫﺴﺘﺎنﻫﺎی ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اروﻣﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، در سوکونتگاههای روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﺟﻬﺎن ﺳﻮم ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺘﻮازن ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ و ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎی ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اروﻣﯿﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ از اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻨﯽ ﻧﺒﻮده وﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻮح ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎی ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اروﻣﯿﻪ 55 ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺎی ﮔﺎﺗﻤﻦ، ﻣﻮرﯾﺲ، ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﻋﺪدی، وﯾﮑﻮر و ﮐﭗ ﻟﻨﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از روش ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎً ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل ﮐﭗ ﻟﻨﺪ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﺷﺪ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداری در ﺳﻄﺢ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ و ﻧﺒﻮد ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺗﻮزﯾﻌﯽ در ﻣﯿﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﻪ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﮑﺸﻠﻮﭼﺎی و ﺑﺎراﻧﺪوزﭼﺎی ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار و ﻣﺤﺮوم ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮی ﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت رﺳﺎﻧﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻌﺎدل و ﺗﻮازن در ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت زﯾﺮﺑﻨﺎﯾﯽ و روﺑﻨﺎﯾﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﺮوم، اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاری ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﺮوم و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ محروم ارائه شد.

spatial analysis of the level of prosperity in rural aareas with the approach of ddistributive justice (case study: villages in the central part of urmia)

introduction: justice means benefiting from facilities as much as talent, not at any cost, because justice at any cost causes injustice. equality-oriented planning should move away from body-oriented and technocratic solutions andmove towards participatory policies and give power to local management. from this point of view, the common pointof planning and social justice is distributive justice. the basis of the fair distribution of services is to pay attention tothe two criteria of accessibility and spatial distribution of services. recognizing the existing differences betweendifferent regions and areas in order to provide suitable programs in line with the aim and with the aim of reducingregional inequalities, is the first step of spatial planning.research aim: the purpose of this research is to investigate the level of the rural areas in the central part of urmiacity with inputs and facilities and to compare the villages from the point of view of benefiting from facilities andservices.methodology: 55 variables in the form of 6 dimensions (educational-cultural, religious, infrastructuretelecommunicationsand communication, political-administrative, healthcare, commerce and services) were selectedfor the study and ranking and leveling of the regions were done with guttman, morris, numerical taxonomy andvicor models.studied areas: the geographical scope of this research is the villages of the central part of urmia city.results: the service and facilities development indicators, like other development indicators, are not distributed in abalanced manner among the regions and geographical areas in the rural settlements of the third world countries. thevillages of the central part of urmia city are not exempted from this rule and the development gap of these indicatorsis clearly visible in these villages. in this research, in order to determine the level of development of rural areas in thecentral part of urmia city, 55 variables were stratified in the form of six indicators using gutman, morris, numericaltaxonomy, vicor and copeland methods.the results obtained from different methods show almost similar results.conclusion:finally, according to the different geographical conditions of the region, the obtained results werecombined with the capeland model and the final leveling was done, which shows the difference in wealth at the levelof the villages and the lack of distributional justice among them. in this way, bekshlochai and north baranduzchaidehstans are placed at the privileged and deprived levels, respectively.