ارزیابی اثرات سیاست‌های مقاوم‌سازی بر الگوهای مسکن و هویت روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای شهرستان ماسال)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﺟﻮد ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﺪه در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻗﺪرت ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﺋﯿﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮی ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﻼیای طبیعی ﻣﺤﺴﻮب می گردد ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ دوﻟﺖ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎی اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن اﻋﻄﺎی اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات و وام ﻫﺎی ﮐﻢ ﺑﻬﺮه در راﺳﺘﺎی ارﺗﻘﺎی کیفیت ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ روستایی ﻣﺒﺎدرت ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ. ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ در ﺑﻄﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ و اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ.ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات و وام ﻫﺎی ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزی ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎﺳﺎل (روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ی ﺷﺎﻟﻤﺎء، ﻣﺮﮐﯿﻪ و درﺧﺎﻧﻪ)در دو ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﮕﻮی ﻣﺴﮑﻦ و ﻫﻮﯾﺖ روﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ: روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ-ﮐﻤﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای ﺟﻤﻊ آوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از روش میدانی (ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﮕﺮی) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎری ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 383 ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ: ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎی ﺷﺎﻟﻤﺎء، ﻣﺮﮐﯿﻪ و درﺧﺎﻧﻪ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎﺳﺎل ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﺪه ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات و وام ﻫﺎی ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزی، ارﺗﻘﺎی اﺳﺘﺤﮑﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و ﻧﻮﺳﺎزی ﺷﺪه ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽ ﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات اﯾﻦ ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻼت ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در واﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮﺑﻨﺎی ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺗﺎق ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﻧﻮع ﭘﻼن و ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ در ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ارزش های فرهنگی و ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﻟﮕﻮ ی ﮐﻬﻦ و سنتی در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻫﺎی ﺟﺪﯾﺪ واﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

assessing the effects of resilience policies on housing patterns and rural identity (case study: masal county villages)

introduction: housing is considered to be one of the most important elements of human habitation, especially in rural areas. however, providing adequate housing is one of the major challenges in rural areas due to the lowfinancial strength of the villagers as well as the vulnerability of their homes to natural disasters. thus, in recent years,all governments have adopted policies such as granting credits and low-interest loans to improve the quality of ruralhousing. a policy that has changed the heart of villages and housing patterns.research aim: the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of housing credits and loans in rural areas of masalcity (shalma, markieh and darkhaneh villages) in two dimensions of housing pattern and village identity.methodology: the research method is descriptive-analytical with emphasis on qualitative-quantitative approach hasbeen used to collect information from field method (observation, interview and questioning). the statisticalpopulation of the study also includes the housing estates of the studied villages, that the sample size is estimated to be383 houses based on cochran's method.studied areas: the geographical scope of this research is the villages of shalma, markiyeh and darkhaneh in masalcounty.results: the research findings show that the main impact of crediting and debt consolidation loans is to improve thestrength of new and renovated housing compared to older housing. other effects of these facilities include a reductionin biological activity in the residential unit, a decrease in the level of infrastructure, a reduction in the number ofrooms, and a change in the type of plan and housing structures.conclusion: the results indicate a decrease in the identity of the villages in terms of spatial affiliation as well as adecrease in cultural values and adaptation to the old and traditional pattern in the new designs of residential units.