بررسی وضعیت شاخص های تاب آوری کالبدی در شهر ساری با استفاده از مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی معکوس (ihwp)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺷﻬﺮی ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﺎﻻی ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮه ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ دﯾﮕﺮی از ﯾﮏ ﮐﺸﻮر در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪات ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ و ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ در ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض وﻗﻮع اﻧﻮاع ﺳﻮاﻧﺢ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و اﻧﺴﺎن ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﯾﺮان ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ از ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ را ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮی را ﮐﺎﻣﻼً دﮔﺮﮔﻮن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ی ﮐﻪ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮی ﺑﯿﺶ از 70 درﺻﺪ اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪای دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺎب آوری ﺷﻬﺮی ﺑﺮای ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ رﯾﺴﮏ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﺻﻮل ﻣﺸﺘﺮک drm و drr در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﺮک ﺷﻬﺮی اﺳﺖ.ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﺰ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺎبآوری ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺎری در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات و اراﺋﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎی ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮی و ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﺎب آوری ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺎری ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ: روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدی و دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺎبآوری ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ. دادهﻫﺎی ﺧﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﺑﻠﻮکﻫﺎی آﻣﺎری ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺎری و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ gis اﯾﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﺑﺮای ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از ﻣﺪل ihwp اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﻢ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ارتباﻃﯽ، دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ، دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰدرﻣﺎﻧﯽ، دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮره و ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ: ﺳﺎری ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺮﮐﺰ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯾﺖ اداری - ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه دارد. ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺎری در وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻪ 4 ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و 11 ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺳﺎل1395 ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮی ﺳﺎری ﺑﻪ 309820 ﻧﻔﺮ رﺳﯿﺪه و وﺳﻌﺖ آن4208/6 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ 50 درﺻﺪ از ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ از ﺗﺎب آوری ﮐﻢ و ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﻢ، 19 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﺎب آوری ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ، 31 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﺎب آوری ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و از ﻏﺮب ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮق ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎب آوری اﻓﺰوده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب و ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮق ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ از ﺗﺎب آوری ﮐﻤﺘﺮی ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: در ﻣﯿﺎن ﭼﻬﺎر ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، زﯾﺴﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮی ﭘﺲ از اﺳﮑﺎن در ﮐﺎﻧﻮن دﻟﯽ ﺑَﺠَﮏ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داری ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﺮ از ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﻫﺎی دﯾﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮرد ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺎ دو ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ و ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ دارد. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ و ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﻫﺎی ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺷﻬﺮی، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ از ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮی از زﯾﺴﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮی ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ. از ﺳﻮی دﯾﮕﺮ، ﻧﻘﺶ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه زﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪهء ﻣﻨﺒﻊ درآﻣﺪی ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎی ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮی ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺳﮑﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺎﻣﻞ در ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎی اﺳﮑﺎن ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﯿﺎﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ را روی ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﻫﺎی اﺳﮑﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

studying the physical resilience in different zonesof sari city using ihwp model

introduction: urban cores with high population densities and most human, economic, infrastructure and more assets are at greater risk than anywhere else in a country. today, most cities and residential communities are built on sitesthat are subject to natural and man-made disasters. like other countries, iran has experienced a high level ofurbanization that has completely transformed the physical structure of urban areas, so that currently the share ofurban population is more than 70%. an article titled urban resilience for disaster risk management and disasterrisk reduction aims to identify common drm and drr principles in urban mobility.research aim: methods the main purpose of this research is to evaluate the resilience of sari city against hazardsand to present solutions to reduce the vulnerability and enhance the resilience of sari.methodology: the methodology of the research is based descriptive-analytical approches. at first, the criteriaaffecting the physical resilience of cities were identified using documentary studies and the views of experts in thisfield. the data of the research were extracted from the statistical blocks of the city of sari and its gis map and theihwp model was used to analyze the data. important criteria for this research include communication network,access to medical centers, access to multipurpose centers and boundary.studied areas: sari, as the political center of mazandaran province maintaining the administrative-politicalcentrality of the region. sari is divided into 4 zones and 11 districts. the city had population 309820 in 2017 and itsarea is 4208.6 hectares.results: the results showed that the following are sections of the city that have low resilience to risk: in thenortheastern part, between imam hadi (as), shahid andarkhora, mulla majdaldin and shahid beheshti intersections,in the eastern part, between darab boulevard and nima yoshij street and velayat. in the central part, betweenkeshavarz, sahib al-zaman, sepah, sadeghieh and chamran streets. in the western part, between palestine, golafshan, 20 meters and amir mazandarani streetsconclusion: most iranian cities are unable to withstand natural and human disasters. due to the lack of properplanning and the inefficiency of urban development projects, the physical structure of cities seems to be very fragileand vulnerable. this study showed that significant parts of the city of sari do not have adequate resilience to naturaldisasters. according to the findings of this article, the following suggestions can be made to increase the resilience ofthe city in different nieghborhoods: widenng the narrow passages of the city should be considered, especially in thesouth of sari city. green spaces and parks should be created near the railway and azadi and jaam jam streets in thecenter and velayat and nimayoshij streets in the east and around beheshti and modares boulevards in the north of sari. building a medical center near the border of sari city, especially in valiasr belt.