بررسی پیامدهای اقتصادی _ اجتماعی اسکان عشایر (مطالعه موردی: سایت گدارپی شهرستان کرمانشاه)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ اﯾﺮان در ﮐﻨﺎر ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺷﻬﺮی و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺷﮑﺎل ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﻟﮕﻮی زﯾﺴﺖ و ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺖ ﮐﺸﻮرﻣﺎن را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دو ﻧﻈﺎم دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ دﺷﻮاری ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﺳﻮی ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰان و ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارﺗﻘﺎء ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ ﺷﯿﻮه از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ، ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﮑﺎن ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺑﺎﻫﺪف ﻋﻤﺮان و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮی و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت رﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﺮوم اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی - اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺳﮑﺎن ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ در ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﮔﺪارﭘﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ازﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی و ازﻧﻈﺮ روش ﮔﺮدآوری داده ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎی اﺳﮑﺎن ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 60 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻮدن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری، ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ اﯾﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻪ روش ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎری ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوری داده ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﺧﻮاﻫﯽ از ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﻈﺮان و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎی ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 0/72 ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺎی آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و آﻣﺎر اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ: ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﮐﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎی اﺳﮑﺎن ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ در ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﮔﺪارﭘﯽ واﻗﻊ در دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﺮﻓﯿﺮوزآﺑﺎد ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦt ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ درآﻣﺪ، اﺷﺘﻐﺎل و داﻣﺪاری ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺳﮑﺎن، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداری وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ اﻣﺎ در ﻣﻮرد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ زراﻋﺖ و ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داری در ﺳﻄﺢ 99 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﻣﻮرد ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺳﻮادآﻣﻮزی، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت رﻓﺎﻫﯽ، اﻣﻨﯿﺖ، ﺳﻦ ازدواج و ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻓﺮدی، در دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺳﮑﺎن ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داری در ﺳﻄﺢ 99 درﺻﺪ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ و اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﮑﺎن رﺷﺪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﻧﻈﯿﺮ درآﻣﺪ، اﺷﺘﻐﺎل و داﻣﺪاری ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺳﮑﺎن دارای رﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ، و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی دو ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ زراﻋﺖ و ﺟﻨﮕﻞ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﮑﺎن دارای رﺷﺪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ. در زﻣﯿﻨﮥ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺳﮑﺎن ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ (رﺷﺪ و ﺳﻮاد آﻣﻮزی، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت رﻓﺎﻫﯽ، اﻣﻨﯿﺖ، ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺷﺪن ﺳﻦ ازدواج و ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﻓﺮدی و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ) ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳﺘﯽ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ دارای رﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

investigating socio-economic consequences of nomads settlement (case study: godarpee site of kermanshah township)

introduction: iran's nomadic community, along with urban and rural communities, form one of the three forms of life and livelihood of our country. which is much more difficult than the other two systems, for this purpose, variousstrategies have been presented by the relevant planners and experts in order to improve the quality of this way of life,including nomad settlement strategies, which are mainly aimed at the development and development of the nomadiccommunity and providing better services to this deprived society has accepted.research aim: the purpose of the current research was to investigate the social-economic consequences of thesettlement of nomads in godarpi site in kermanshah city.methodology: the current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive survey in terms of datacollection method. the statistical population of this research was 60 households settled in the target site, and due tothe limited statistical population, all these people were studied by census method. the tool of data collection was aquestionnaire, whose content validity was confirmed based on the opinions of experts and its reliability wasconfirmed using cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.72. data analysis was done using descriptive statistics andinferential statistics with the help of spss software.studied areas: the geographical scope of this research is nomad settlement centers in godarpi site located insarfirouzabad area of kermanshah cityresults: the results of the correlation t mean comparison test regarding the economic indicators showed that therewas no significant difference between the status of income, employment and animal husbandry of the nomads in theconditions before and after the settlement, but there was a significant difference in the status of agriculture anddestruction of forests and pastures. a level of 99% has been observed. also, regarding the social indicators betweenliteracy status, cultural status, access to amenities, security, age of marriage and environmental and personal health,there is a significant difference at the 99% level in the two conditions before and after settlement, and these indicatorsare relative they have had positive growth before settlement.conclusion: according to the results of the analysis, it was found that the economic indicators such as income,employment and animal husbandry of the nomads had a negative growth after the settlement, and the indicators of thetwo components of agriculture and forest and pastures had a positive growth compared to before the settlement. in thefield of social indicators, it can be concluded that settlement has improved social indicators (growth and literacy,cultural status, welfare facilities, security, appropriateness of marriage age and personal health and environment), butthe production of handicrafts of nomads has had a negative growth.