سنجش پراکنده رویی شهری در پویش فضایی شهررشت

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه روﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮی، دﺳﺖ اﻧﺪازی ﮐﺎرﺑﺮی ﻫﺎی زﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮی ﺑﻪ زﻣﯿﻦ ﻏﯿﺮﺷﻬﺮی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ای راﯾﺞ در ﺟﻬﺎن در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﺒﺪ ﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.ﻫﺪف: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﺑﻌﺎد و ﺑﺎزﺗﺎبﻫﺎی ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه روﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮی را در ﺷﻬﺮ رﺷﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهای ﻟﻨﺪﺳﺖ، ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﺎرﺑﺮی اراﺿ ﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ ی ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮی و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ آﺑﯽ و ﺷﺎﻟﯿﺰار، ﺟﻨﮕﻞ و زﻣﯿﻦﻫﺎی ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﺑﺎﻏﺎت اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ ﻫﺎی ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ (ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮی، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻟﮑﻪ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻟﮑﻪ، ﺳﻨﺠﻪ ﮐﻞ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻟﮑﻪ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻟﮑﻪ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﻗﻠﯿﺪوﺳﯽ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﯾﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﺎورت، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ) در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻼس و ﺳﯿﻤﺎ، ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه روﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ رﺷﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارfragstats ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ: ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺷﻬﺮ رﺷﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮی ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪهای رﺷﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺷﻬﺮی ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮازات اﯾﻦ رﺷﺪ، زﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﺷﺎﻟﯿﺰار ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ و ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﮕﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﻮد را از دﺳﺖ داده و ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت زﯾﺎدی ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺿﺮﯾﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ 103 درﺻﺪی ﮐﻼس ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮی در ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 26 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ (1398-1372)، ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آﻫﻨﮓ ﭘﺮﺷﺘﺎب ﭘﻮﯾﺶ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮی، ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ زﻣﯿﻦ و ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و زﻣﯿﻨﯽ در ﺑﯿﺮون و ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻣﯿﻞ ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ و آﻫﻨﮓ ﭘﺮﺷﺘﺎب رﺷﺪ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎی ﺑﺰرگ اﯾﺮان، ﺑﺎ رواج اﺷﮑﺎل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه روﯾﯽ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻓﻀﺎ ﯾﯽ اﯾ ﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. روشﻫﺎی ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎ و ﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏﻫﺎی ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺮاﺣﺖ و دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﻄﻮح و اﺑﻌﺎد ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه روﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮی را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻧﺘﺎ ﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎ در ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻬﺮ رﺷﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی اﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮﯾﻬﺎی ﺷﻬﺮی ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪهای رﺷﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺷﻬﺮ ی ﻣﺘﻌﺪد ی در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﺷﻬﺮ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮازات اﯾﻦ رﺷﺪ، اراﺿﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﺷﺎﻟﯿﺰار از ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺴﯿﺨﺘﮕﯽ زﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﺷﺎﻟﯿﺰارﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

a measurement of urban sprawl in spatial dynamics of rasht

introduction: urban sprawl is the encroachment of urban land uses on non-urban land, which has become a common phenomenon in the developing world research aim: this study has identified and measured the dimensions and implications of scattered urban surface inrasht.methodology: the researchers considered descriptive-analytical research method and applied landsat satelliteimages to measure land use maps in four urban and built areas, water and paddy areas, forests and agricultural landsas well as gardens .they, also, used spatial metrics (land area , number of spots, spot density, total spot edgemeasurement, spot edge density, complexity, neighborhood euclidean average, neighborhood mean index,accumulation index) in two levels of class and appearance to calculate the rasht city scattered urban surface viafragstats software.studied areas: the area under study was rasht city.results: findings show that urban areas have grown increasingly and several urban plots have emerged. along withthis growth, agricultural land and paddy fields have lost their spatial cohesion and integrity and have turned intoconsiderable number of plots. the coefficient of 103% increase in urban class over a period of 26 years (1993-2019)indicates the rapid change of spatial dynamics of the city into physical dispersion, which, in turn, is generallyassociated with land use change, land cover change and destruction of natural and terrestrial resources outside andaround the city.conclusion: the increasing tendency for urbanization and the rapid growth rate in major cities of iran, is believed tobe associated with the prevalence of various scattered forms in the structure and spatial organization of these cities.hence, methods based on spatial metrics and metrics with high accuracy and precision show the scattered levels anddimensions of the urban surface. the results of these metrics in the case of rasht show that urban areas and land useshave grown and numerous urban parts have emerged in the physical structure of the city in recent years. in parallelwith this growth, agricultural lands and paddy fields have become disorganized and integrated into several parts, which has caused the rupture of agricultural lands and paddy fields.