تعیین و بهبود محدوده‌های بالقوه وقوع جرم د توسط رهیافت «جلوگیری از جرائم از طریق طراحی محیطی» (مطالعه موردی: محله همت‌آباد شهر اصفهان)

هدف این تحقیق بررسی و تحلیل محله همت‌آباد از منظر اصول رهیافت «جلوگیری از جرائم شهری با استفاده از طراحی محیطی» جهت شناسایی نقاط بالقوه برای وقوع جرم، و ارائه پیشنهادهایی در جهت ارتقای امنیت این محله به‌صورت خاص (پیلوت عملی رهیافت) بر اساس جنبه مکانی بخشیدن به اصول رهیافت «جلوگیری از جرائم شهری با استفاده از طراحی محیطی» می‌باشد. برای دستیابی به این هدف از روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی از نوع موردکاوانه (محله همت‌آباد) استفاده گردید و برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی (مشاهده‌ای و پرسشنامه‌ای) و برای تحلیل داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده، از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (gis) و نرم‌افزارهای spss و expert choice کمک گرفته شد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که اولاً از منظر رهیافت «جلوگیری از جرائم شهری با استفاده از طراحی محیطی» (شامل اصل «تقویت نظارت طبیعی» با 4 سنجه، اصل «قابلیت کنترل دسترسی‌ها» با 3 سنجه، اصل «تقویت قلمروهای طبیعی» با 5 سنجه، اصل «حفظ و نگهداری از محیط» با یک سنجه و اصل «حمایت از فعالیت های اجتماعی سالم» با 2 سنجه)، محله همت‌آباد دارای نقاط بالقوه بسیاری برای وقوع جرم است و ثانیاً در مجموع بر اساس سنجه‌های رهیافت «جلوگیری از جرائم شهری با استفاده از طراحی محیطی» بیشترینِ این نقاط بالقوه برای وقوع جرم، ، در بدنه و حاشیه محله همت‌آباد اصفهان، و نه در مرکز این محله، قرار دارند و این موضوع به‌ویژه به دلیل کمبود قابلیت نظارت طبیعی، فعالیت‌های اجتماعی به‌هنجار و حفاظت و نگهداری از محیط در این محدوده‌ها است.

determination and improvement of crime vulnerability areas of hematabad district in isfahan using crime prevention through environmental design (cpted) approach

introduction the crime prevention through environmental design (cpted) approach can be considered as a kind of targeted approach to the efficient and intelligent design of environmental components by using an optimal environment design for reducing crime, which effectively increases social capital, improves the quality of life and citizenship satisfaction. in fact, in this approach, it is possible to significantly reduce the risk of urban crime in term of the attention to the urban spaces and environmental design (wilson and knelling, 1989). there is also a consensus that the approach of crime prevention through environmental design is an effective approach in two dimensions: firstly, the real reduction of crime in urban environments and secondly by increasing the sense of safety and spatial security in the people (gronland, 2000). therefore, recognizing the above-mentioned approach and applying that to mass-crime zones can be suggest. in spite of the existence of such advantages in the approach to crime prevention through environmental design, which indicates its importance in world literature, in iran there is less concerned with this issue, and most studies have taken this approach in general. also, they have been discussed the approach in theoretical way and not in practical (for example: pour jafar et al., 2008, mahmoudi-janaki and ghorchi bobby, 1388). due to the gaps and considering the importance and advantages of the crime prevention through environmental design approach, in this research, firstly it was attempt to investigating the crime prevention through environmental design and identifying its various aspects and measures. secondly, according to the approach, to potential points of crime in the hemmatabad district of isfahan as one of the informal settlement will be recognized.methodology the research method of this study is a descriptive-analytical method of the case model, which is located in the hemmatabad district of isfahan as its case study. in connection with the application of the crime prevention through environmental design approach in the hemmatabad district of isfahan, as a case study, the method of data collection is through documentary and survey study (observation and questionnaire). the data for the domains of enhancing natural surveillance, enhancing natural access control, protection and maintenance of environment and community-based activity support collected by observation and the domain of territorial reinforcement collected by questionnaire.regarding the aforementioned issue, in order to provide the capability to fit the layers obtained through the observational method and the questionnaire, the first step was to divide the public space of the hemmatabad district of isfahan to the smaller ones (108 parcels). it is useful for assign the data obtained through observation of the environment to the parcels. also, this method increases the accuracy of the operation. in the second step, the multi-stage sample (cluster sampling method and simple random sampling) method was used to provide data related to the research questionnaire and reassess the corresponding rating in one of the relevant parcels.