تحلیل عوامل موثر بر توسعه کارآفرینی کشاورزی در مناطق روستایی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان دامنکوه شهرستان اسفراین)

امروزه کارآفرینی کشاورزی از مهم‌ترین راه‌کارهای توسعه‌ی روستایی محسوب می‌شود. اگر چه کارآفرینی تنها راه‌کار اشتغال زایی و افزایش درآمدهای مردم روستایی نیست، اما قطعاً بهترین و بهره ورترین نوع آن است. به همین منظور این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل عوامل موثر بر کارآفرینی در بخش کشاورزی نواحی روستایی انجام شده است. پژوهش حاضر به لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی و براساس ماهیت از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی می‌باشد. اطلاعات و داده‌های مورد نیاز با استفاده از روش کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی گردآوری شده و برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از تحلیل عاملی به شیوه اکتشافی استفاده گردید. دهستان مورد مطالعه مشتمل بر 15روستا می‌باشد که به علت کم بودن تعداد روستاها، تمامی روستاها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته‌اند. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر برابر با 987 بهره بردار کشاورزی بوده است که تعداد 276 بهره بردار، با استفاده از فرمول کوکران به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب گردید. پایایی گویه‌ها با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ به میزان 0.712 محاسبه گردید. نتایج به دست آمده از آزمون تحلیل عاملی نشان می‌دهد که از بین عامل‌های هفت گانه شناخته شده، اثر گذارترین عامل از لحاظ کار‌آفرینی کشاورزی در محدوده‌ی مورد مطالعه مربوط به عامل اقتصادی با مقدار ویژه 5.731 می‌باشد که به تنهایی 12.831 درصد از کل واریانس را تبیین نموده است. کمترین اثر گذاری مربوط به عامل دسترسی به زیرساخت‌های فیزکی با مقدار ویژه 1.445 است که 5.412 درصد از واریانس کل را تبیین می‌کند.

analyzing the factors affecting on agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas (case study; damankoh district in esfarayn county)

introduction today, rural development in many developing countries faces many challenges because previous strategies for rural development have not been completely successful and have failed to address issues such as poverty, employment, health, food security and environmental sustainability. these strategies have not succeeded in distributing the benefits of growth and have caused many problems in these countries. this has led to the fact that in recent decades, entrepreneurial approach has been considered as one of the strategies of rural development, and theorists, planners and government executives are trying to solve the problems by providing new strategies and methods and they will reduce the problems and issues that these areas encounter. in economic theories, special attention will be given to self driven economic activities in the form of entrepreneurship in rural areas. in general, entrepreneurship can play an effective role in improving the economic and livelihood of villages by creating new employment opportunities and incomes. agricultural entrepreneurship is a strategy for empowerment in rural areas in order to achieve sustainable development. because, the growth and development of the agricultural sector provide the necessary context for the development of other sectors and investment, employment and services in rural areas, reducing unemployment and job creation will be provided as well. therefore, through agricultural entrepreneurship, it is possible to identify the advantages, limitations, weaknesses and strengths of the agricultural sector of rural communities, and proper planning can contribute to its all round growth, it can lead rural communities toward creativity and entrepreneurship. methodologyconsidering the purpose, this research is an applied one, and in nature, it is a descriptive analytic type. the method of data collection in this study is in both library and field. the focus of the research in the field is on the questionnaire. in order to study the agricultural entrepreneurship related to the area of study, concerning the definitions and concepts involved in theoretical foundations, the questionnaire was prepared and developed according to the indicators of table (1) in accordance with the likert scale. for reliability of the questionnaire, cronbach's alpha method was used with a coefficient of 0.712. factor analysis and exploratory method are used to analyze the obtained information. the statistical population of the present study consisted of agricultural benefactors in the mountain range of the village, which based on the public census of agriculture in 2014 has been equaled to 987. therefore, among these benefactors, 276 benefactor farmers were selected as the sample size by using cochran formula. the samples were distributed randomly. results and discussion in order to analyze the factors affecting sustainable rural development with respect to agricultural entrepreneurship in the rural area under study, data and related variables were first collected and based on which indicators were obtained. then, in order to ensure the indices for using factor analysis method, kmo test was conducted, and following this the above analysis was performed on the appropriate data. using factor analysis, the selected criteria of the study were reduced to seven factors; the total variance of these factors is 68.123%. the first factor, which is called the economic factor, has a specific amount of 5.731 that accounts for 12.831% of the variance by itself, and has the highest impact among the seven factors. the second factor is the infrastructure that has a specific amount of 4.613 and 11.315 percent of the variance. the third factor is knowledge and awareness that has a specific amount of 3.257 and 10.704 percent of variance. the presence of skilled and educated work force provokes awareness of the market for products and sales and increases self sufficiency. the fourth factor is the innovation and creativity factor, with a specific amount of 2.877 that accounts for 9.824% of the variance has emerged with increasing the risk appetite of individuals, more innovation and economic diversification. the fifth factor is the factor of capacity building. the special value of this factor is 1.674, which calculates 7.735 percent of the variance. the sixth factor is the factor of self esteem, and the specific value of this factor is 1.565 and 6.805 percent of the variance. the last factor that has the least effect is access to physical infrastructure with a specific value of 1.445, which calculates and explains 5.412 percent of the variance.conclusionentrepreneurs are known as key factors in economic growth and development in the modern age and result in the prosperity of people and the country. accordingly, the development of agricultural entrepreneurship is also an important issue that advanced countries have paid serious attention to it in the process of socio economic development, placing them in the top priority of their development plans. in fact, today, the promotion and development of agricultural entrepreneurship is considered as one of the means of achieving economic and social development. accordingly, the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas as the core of national economy requires a strategic plan. the results of this study showed that among the studied factors in agricultural entrepreneurship, the most effective factor affecting access to physical infrastructure has the least impact on entrepreneurship in damankuh village. also, the use of facilities for creating new businesses, the availability of financial resources for business and investment, access to and use of agricultural banking credits, access to the market for local and indigenous consumer products, access to rural production factors, training classes and advice on new businesses, the presence of skilled, experienced and educated work forces to start new businesses in the countryside, etc., have provided the grounds for the development and enhancement of agricultural entrepreneurship in damankuh village.