تحلیل اثرات پراکنده رویی شهری در توسعه پایدار روستایی از دیدگاه جامعه محلی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای ادغام شده در شهر ارومیه)

ادﻏﺎم روﺳﺘﺎ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎی زﯾﺎدی در روﺳﺘﺎی ادﻏﺎﻣﯽ و ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎی ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺛﺮات ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه روﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮی در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﭘﺎﯾﺪار روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎی ادﻏﺎم ﺷﺪه از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی، روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤﻊآوری دادهﻫﺎ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ 16روﺳﺘﺎی ادﻏﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﺷﻬﺮ اروﻣﯿﻪ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی 1335 ﺗﺎ 1395 اﺳﺖ. ﻃﺒﻖ آﻣﺎر ﻣﺮﮐﺰ آﻣﺎر اﯾﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1390 ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎً دارای27940 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و 6804 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺗﻌﺪاد 151 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎی ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ 0/789 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ (ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری، ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ و رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﻣﺪل اراﺋﻪﺷﺪه در ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری، در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺎ دادهﻫﺎی ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ از ﻧﯿﮑﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﺮازش ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات ﺧﺰش ﺷﻬﺮی در اروﻣﯿﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ اراﺿﯽ در ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻮده، ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ در ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی اﺧﯿﺮ زﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﺮی ﺑﻪ 2/100/000 ﻫﺰار ﺗﻮﻣﺎن اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه روﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ را در ﺑﻌﺪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﺎی 0/926 داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺷﻬﺮی و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎی آب، ﺑﺮق، ﺗﻠﻔﻦ، ﮔﺎز، ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب و اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ راهﻫﺎی ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻤﻞوﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ، ﺧﺪﻣﺎت آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ورزﺷﯽ و درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات آن در ﺑﻌﺪ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

analyze the effects of urban sprawl in the development of integrated villages from the perspective of the local community ( case study: urmia city)

introduction with the rapid growth of urban population and thereby improve urban land in the periphery, a phenomenon known as urban sprawl in urban planning literature was revived. urban sprawl is a global problem that both developed and developing countries are facing. in developing countries, results of that is potential threat to the health and hygiene issue (kaur, 2008: 1). in iran, the continue the development strategies centered on accelerating the industrialism, centralization and urbanization in the decades 1340 and 1350 causes to increase the demand for housing and urban land, as well as legislation of urban expansion in agricultural hubs in 1354 causes to building expansion and development of marginalization in favorable and non favorable agricultural land in margins of cities. the city of orumiyeh one major population centers in the northwest area that during the past decade due to national politics has experienced rapid growth of urbanity and as a result, urban population growth of urbanite land has been expanded without criteria. if, during the years 1335 1390, physical expansion of urmia city, more than the actual needs of its population and as a result, the conversion process of rural and agricultural land in it’s around continued strongly. the study aimed to analyze the effects of urmia urban growth on the development of areas around the specially the merged villages in the city of orumiyeh and tends to answer to the following question was conducted. 1) sprawl of urmia city what effects have been in the development of the integrated villages in own surrounding?methodologythis research from the perspective of purpose is applied, descriptive analytic method and for data collection and information is used the library and field studies. local domain of research is the 16 integrated villages in the skeletal contexture of urmia city in the years 1335 to 1395. according to statistics of the statistics center of iran in 1390 in total are 27 940 people and 6804 households that based on the cochran formula were selected number of 151 households as statistical population. questionnaire reliability was calculated 0.789 using cronbach's alpha coefficient and to data analyze were used of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and variance) and inferential statistics (structural equation, friedman and regression). results and discussion the results showed that the proposed model for research in structural equation has the optimal level in compliance with the experimental data and indicators have suitable goodness of fit. lisrel work in fact is to know whether the criteria used and data is extracted, it compatible with external reality or not? in this paper, the output of software and external is a good indicator of goodness of fit and the validity of this study and to the conclusion that the outcome of this research will be generalize to other statistical societies. the results of the study showed that, creep or sprawl of urmia city in the integrated villages had not significant impact on the city from the perspective of the local community, according to the numerical average, this process in land price increases indicator with an average number 84/3 and the average rating 23/10 had greatest impact on the field and the price of land in the suburban areas has increased significantly. in addition, urban sprawl had the greatest positive impact based on the amount of beta in skeletal dimension with beta value 926/0. if in this field causes to increase or improve the expansion of city services and development of infrastructure for water, electricity, telephone, gas, sewerage network and the internet, expanding roads and better access to public transport. due to the physical development of the urmia city, causes to on the one hand, the dismantling of agricultural and livestock activities and in other words, changes in agricultural land as a finite and non renewable environmental capital to residential, commercial and recreational and the other hands the major formed capital due to the increasing of the land value in surrounding villages not found adsorb possible in the economy of these spaces and imported to the capital markets of city, we can conclude that physical metropolis growth in regional cities has driven villages around the cities in the opposite of sustainable development. also, the results of this study is compatible with researches results zia tavana and ghadmarzy (1388), firouznia and co workers (1390), jalalian and co workers (1392), ahmadian et al (1392), afrakhteh .et al (1392), saeidi. et al (1393) , parsi et al (1393), kurba et al (2009) and asheri et al. (1394) and wilson and chakraborty (2013). conclusionthe urmia city during the past decade due to national politics has experienced rapid growth of urbanity and as a result, urban population growth of urbanite land has been expanded without criteria. if a meter of land has increased to 2100000 toman during recent years. also sprawl of orumiyeh city has the most positive impact on the skeletal dimension with the beta value 0.926. so that in this field causes the expansion of urban services and urban infrastructure development of water, electricity, telephone, gas, sewerage network and the internet, improve communications ways and access to public transport. this increases personal car and increase the amount of traffic and bustle of the streets leading to the city center and urban pollution. in addition, access to education, culture, sports health care services is increased and housing for different segments of society is easily possible and the traditional role of rural housing replaced by multi family buildings multi storey buildings. as well as demolition and reconstruction of old rural houses by take the permission of the municipality has increased significantly. also its effects on the environmental dimension with the beta value ( 0.012) had the least positive impact.