تحلیل نقش پول انتقالی مهاجران روستایی بر تغییر وضعیت اقتصادی و رفاه خانواده های آنان ( مطالعه موردی: دهستان میانکاله، شهرستان بهشهر)

در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت، ﺑﯿﺶ از اﺛﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺖ آن ﺑﺮ رﻓﺎه و اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎ در ﻣﺒﺪا و ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﻓﺮﺳﺖ در ﮐﺸﻮر، ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﭘﻮل اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و رﻓﺎه ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎی آﻧﺎن در دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮑﺎﻟﻪ (ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻬﺸﻬﺮ) ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی و از ﻧﻈﺮ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، زﻣﯿﻨﻪﯾﺎﺑﯽ و اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوری دادهﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ را ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎی آن روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ از دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮑﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ دﻫﻪﻫﺎی 95-1385 ﯾﮏ دوره ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺮخ رﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ را ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮتﻫﺎی روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﭙﺮی ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 355 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮار دارای ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ (ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ، اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر) و آﻣﺎر اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ (آزﻣﻮن t ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪای، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻮل اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ روی ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و رﻓﺎه ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎی آﻧﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. از ﺳﻮﯾﯽ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ 0/674 ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﭘﻮل اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و رﻓﺎه ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎی آﻧﺎن در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﮐﻪ، ﭘﻮل اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در اﺷﮑﺎل ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ارﺗﻘﺎء اﻟﮕﻮی ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ (0/368)، ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاری در روﺳﺘﺎ (0/304) و اﯾﺠﺎد اﺷﺘﻐﺎل (0/231) ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮﻧﯽ را ﺑﺮ روی ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و رﻓﺎه ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻮل اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ارﺗﻘﺎ اﻟﮕﻮی ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درآﻣﺪ و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاری در روﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 0/351 ،0/368 و 0/322 ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و رﻓﺎه ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Analyzing The Role of remittances on the Change in the Economic Situation and the Welfare of Their Families (Case Study: Miankale District, Behshahr County)

In immigration literature due to immigration more attention has been paid to its positive effects on the welfare and economy of the origin and destination of the households. This paper examines the role of remittances on the Change in the Economic Situation and the Welfare of Their Families of Miankaleh as one of the positive effects of immigration on the development of the community of origin. The research methodology is based on the purpose of the applied research and is based on descriptive method. he data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of the population of the villages of Miankaleh. Using the Cochrane formula 378 immigrant households were selected as samples. To analyze the data descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. Findings show that the satisfaction of immigrant households varies from income status before and after immigration, Also he impact of migrants’ transfer money on increasing the willingness of the rural community improving the level of Economic Situation and the Welfare of their families is moderate to high