تحلیل نقش مدیریت روستایی در افزایش تاب‌آوری روستاییان در برابر خشکسالی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان میاندوآب)

ﺗﺎب آوری از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮاﻧﺢ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﯾﮑﯽ از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎی اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﺎبآوری در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺪﯾﺮان روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﯿﺎن روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮاﯾﯽ، روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﺗﺎبآوری روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی، روش و ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻤﻊآوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎی روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1395 دارای 73388 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار و 260628 ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻮده و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 176 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺪﯾﺮان و ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن اداراﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ در اﻣﻮر روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ دﺧﺎﻟﺖ دارﻧﺪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ، ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪاری، ﺑﺨﺸﺪاریﻫﺎ، اداره ﺑﺮق، ﻓﺎﺿﻼب روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، اداره ﮐﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب، ﺑﻨﯿﺎد ﻣﺴﮑﻦ، ﺟﻬﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﻏﯿﺮه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮای ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮی از روشﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ (ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺑﺮﻓﯽ و روش ﻣﺘﻮاﺗﺮ ﻧﻈﺮی) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻟﻔﺎی ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﺮای ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ 0/729 و ﺑﺮای ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﺗﺎبآوری 0/651 ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از روش آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ (ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﺎب آوری روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﺎبآوری روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎ و ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎی دوﻟﺖ و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﻮعﺳﺎزی اﻗﺘﺼﺎد روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺪﯾﺮان روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﯽ-ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی و ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را در ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﺎب آوری روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. وﻟﯽ ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﻮدن ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را در ﺗﺎبآوری روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Analysis role of Rural Management in resilience of Villagers against drought (Case Study: Rural settlements in the Township of Miyandoab)

The basis of research based on pragmatism is a mixed research method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of rural management in resilience of villagers against drought. The research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical method and nature and in order to collect information from library and field studies. The Spatial realm of this research is rural settlements in the Township of Miandoab. The Township has 73338 households and 260628 population in 1395 and The Statistical Society consisted of 176 managers and employees of agencies involved in rural affairs. Including, Deputy Minister of Rural Development, Governorate, Provinces, Electricity Office, Rural Wastewater, Water Resources Administration, Housing Foundation, Agricultural Jihad, etc. To sample from Qualitative methods (snowball and theoretical method) have been used for sampling. The reliability level of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha for rural management indicators of 0.729 and for resiliency indicators of 0.651. The mixed method(Quantitative and qualitative) has been used to analyze the information. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between rural management and improvement of rural resilience. Also, the most important factors promoting the resilience of villagers to drought are the »Government policy and support« factor and the »diversification of rural economy« factor. Also, the performance of rural managers has increased in indicators of »infrastructure-physical, budget allocation and financial resources« and has led to this indicator to have the greatest impact in improving the resilience of villagers to drought.