بازنمایی عناصر طبیعت در قرآن کریم از دیدگاه زبان ‌شناسی زیست ‌محیطی

ﺳﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮی ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، روﻧﺪ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ آن و فرهنگ ﻣﺸﻮق ﻣﺼﺮفِ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ، ﻟﺰوم ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﻧﮕﺮش اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ و راﺑﻄﮥ اﻧﺴﺎن و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ را ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻻزﻣﮥ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻇﻬﻮر ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪای اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ داستان های ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد را ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدﻩ اﺳﺖ، ﻣﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﺪ و در ﭘﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ آﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ. ﭘﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﺮدن ﺑﻪ داستان های ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ کتاب های ﻣﻘﺪس از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ زﻣﯿﻨﮥ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش را ﻓﺮاهﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رواﺑﻂ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ و هﺮ دو آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ در زﺑﺎن ﻗﺮآن ﻧﻤﻮد ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ؟ روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب زﺑﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داستان های زﺑﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻨﻮان داﺳﺘﺎن در اﯾﻨﺠﺎ از ﻧﻮع داستان های ﻣﻌﻤﻮل رمان ها و ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺎت ﻧﯿﺴﺖ، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ساختارهای ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﭘﺲ گفتمان هاﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎر ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ زﺑﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎی هﺸﺖ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﮥ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﺘﯿﺒﯽ(١٣٩٥) اﺳﺖ. هدف پژوهش اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دهد ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدﻩ از زﺑﺎن و اراﺋﮥ داستان های زﺑﺎﻧﯽ/ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ هویت اﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﺼﺮفﮔﺮا را ﻣﺬﻣﻮم و نکوهیده ﻣﯽﺷﻤﺎرد و ﺟﻬﺎنﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪی را ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ میدهد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن میدهد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ ﺟﻬﺎنﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪی ﺣﺎﮐﻢ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آن اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻣﺎﻧﺖدار در ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ و ﺣﻖ دﺧﻞ و ﺗﺼﺮف ﺑﯽﻗﯿﺪ و ﺷﺮط در اﺟﺰای آن را ﻧﺪارد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺳﺎزو ﮐﺎرهﺎی زﺑﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، روﺷﻦ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ همه ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ واﺟﺪ ارزش ذاﺗﯽ و اﺧﻼﻗﯽ هستند.اﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﻣﺘﻦ ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻮح ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺪﻩ اﺳﺖ.

representation of natural world in the qur’an; an ecolinguistic approach

the current trend of increasing environmental inequality, the process of its degradation, and the culture of encouraging more consumption suggest the need for a change in the human attitude towards nature and his relation to the environment. such a change needs the emergence of a society that has analyzed, recognized and sought to change its discourse stories. taking refuge in the discourse stories of the holy books, including the holy qur’an, provides the ground for a change of attitude. the main question of this research is “what is man’s relation with nature and both of them with god in the holy qur’an and how are these relations manifested in the language of the qur’an?” the basic presumption is that the lack of attention to spirituality in the relationship between humans and the environment is the root of many destructions and destructions. the research method is discourse analysis in the framework of ecological linguistics based on the analysis of linguistic &stories&. the term &story& here is not of the usual type of novels and anecdotes but is the cognitive structure behind the discourses. the linguistic analysis method is also the desired mechanism of environmental linguistics based on the eight components proposed by stibi (2015). the research aims to show how the holy qur’an condemns the consumeristic human identity by using language and presenting linguistic/discourse stories and promotes a monotheistic worldview. the results of the analysis show that in the text of the holy qur’an, a monotheistic worldview prevails, according to which man is recognized as a trustee in nature and does not have the right to enter and occupy its parts without condition. it is also proved that all elements of nature have intrinsic and moral value. the innovation of the research is that it uses a specific linguistic approach and analyzes the discourse.