هم‌سنجی و سند‌پژوهی اخبار ملاحم و فتن فریقین با محوریت تشخص «نفس‌زکیه»

در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از اﺧﺒﺎر «ﻣﻼﺣﻢ و ﻓﺘﻦ» در آﺛﺎر و ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ رواﻳﻲ ﺷﻴﻌﻪ و ﺳﻨﻲ، از «ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪای اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ» ﻳﺎد ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎصله زﻣﺎﻧﻲ اﻧﺪﻛﻲ از ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن وی، «ﻗﻴﺎم ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ»، ا ﻣﺎم ﻣﻬﺪی (ﻋﺞ) از ﻛﻨﺎر «ﻛﻌﺒﻪ» آ ﻏﺎز ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. اﻳﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ در زﺑﺎن رواﻳﺎت ﺷﻴﻌﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻫﻞﺳﻨﺖ، ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان «ﻧﻔﺲزﻛﻴﻪ» ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺸﺨﺺ «ﻧﻔﺲزﻛﻴﻪ» و مسئله «ﻗﺘﻞ» وی در ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه «ﻧﺸﺎنه» ﻣﻘﺎرن ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺎم اﻣﺎم ﻣﻬﺪی (ﻋﺞ) در «دوازده ﺑﺨﺶ» از ﻣﻴﺎن اﺧﺒﺎر ﻣﻼﺣﻢ و ﻓﺘﻦ «ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﻦ» ﻣﻮرد «ﻫﻢﺳﻨﺠﻲ» و «ﻣﺤﺎسبه» دﻗﻴﻖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻓﺤﺺ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان «ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ» و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ «ﺷﻤﺎر» ورود اﻳﻦ اﺧﺒﺎر و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋه‌ ﻣﺤﺪﺛﺎن ﻫﺮ دو ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﺰرگ اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺒﻂ آنﻫﺎ در ﻣﺼﺎدر و ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﻣﺘﻘﺪم اﻳﺸﺎن ﺑﻮد. در ﺑﺎدی اﻣﺮ در ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻃﺮق اﺧﺒﺎر و زﻧﺠﻴﺮه‌ راوﻳﺎن، روات «ﺿﻌﻴﻒ»، «واﺿﻊ»، «ﻣﺠﻬﻮل» ﻳﺎ «ﻣﻬﻤﻞ» از ﺧﻼل ﻣﺪارک ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ اﺳﻨﺎد را از ﺣﻴﺚ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر و ﺣﺠﻴﺖ در ﺑﺴﻴﺎری از ﮔﺰارهﻫﺎی واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ آن ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮد و از ﺳﻮی دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ اﺧﺒﺎر، «ﻣﻮﻗﻮف»، «ﻣﺮﺳﻞ» ﻳﺎ «ﺑﻼ اﺳﻨﺎد» ﻧﻘﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻳﻦ «ﻋﺪم ﺣﺠﻴﺖ» و ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺪرﻛﻲ ﻣﻲاﻓﺰود. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎن، ﺷﻤﺎری از رواﻳﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ «ﻣﻨﻔﺮد» و ﺑﺮﺧﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت «ﻣﻌﺎرض»، ﺳ ﺒﺐ «ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ» ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻓﻬﻢ دﻗﻴﻖ و «اﺗﻘﺎن و اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺻﺪوری» اﻳﻦ «ﻧﺸﺎنه ﻣﻬﺪوی» ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد. در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ اﻣﺮ و در ﺑﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻛﻠﻲ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ و ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺿﻌﻒﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﺪی، «دﻻﻟﺖ» اﺑﻌﺎد ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﺧﺒﺮی اﻳﻦ «ﻋﻼﻣﺖ» ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ، دارای ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻨﻴﺎدﻳﻦ از ﻧﻈﺮ ورود و ﺻﺪور ﺑﻮده و اﻛﺜﺮ ﮔﺰارهﻫﺎی ﺧﺒﺮی ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﻪ آن، ﺟﺰم آور و ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Comparison and document research of Shiite and Sunni prophetic hadiths with the focus on the identification of Nafs zakiyah

In some future (malāhim) and events (fitan) reports of Shiite and Sunni hadith sources, a “human sign” is mentioned that shortly after his death, the “global uprising” of Imam Mahdi (AS) will begin by Ka’ba. This character is known as “Nafse Zakīyah” in Shiite and Sunni hadith texts. In the present study, the identification of “Nafse Zakīyah” and the issue of his “murder” in the position of “a sign” coinciding with the uprising of Imam Mahdi (AS) in the “twelve sections” among the news of malāhim and fitan of “Shiite and Sunni” are “compared” and “assessed” accurately. It is concluded that the extent of “adaptation” as well as the “number” of these reports are in special attention of both Shiite and Sunni hadith scholars who recorded them in their early sources. Analyzing sanads of news and the chain of narrators concluded in detecting the “weak,” “fabricator,” “unknown” or “strange” narrators. It then concluded to rejecting the sanads in terms of their validity and authority in many related propositions. On the other, some reports were quoted as “mawqūf,” “mursal,” or “bilā isnād”, which adds to the realization of this “lack of authority and evidence.” In the meantime, a number of narrations in the form of “singles” (wāhid) and some others in the form of “oppositions” (mu’ārid), have caused more “complexity” in the accurate understanding and “certainty” of this “Mahdavi sign.” Finally, and as a result of the research, it was generally stated that in addition to the weaknesses of sanads, the “indication” of the various news dimensions of this “sign” in each section, has fundamental shortcomings in terms of issuance, and its most news statements did not seem convincing and definitive.