The Ground Ozone Variations with UV Radiation during Winter and Spring Seasons in 2007 over Makkah.

This study has measured the incident solar uv radiation and the concentrations of three pollutants of o3, no2 and no in atmosphere of makkah, saudi arabia (322m altitude, 21° .24 n, 39° .51e) during to different seasons of winter and spring in 2007. a moderate bandwidth filter radiometer (guv-2511) that has six channels in the uv region with centre wavelengths at 305, 313, 320, 340, 380 and 395nm and bandpass functions of approximately 10 nm was used to measure the incident uv radiation. the concentrations of o3 and nox were measured by two ambient monitors of apoa-360 and apna-360 respectively. the two periods of measurements were from 8 th to 17 th of zul-hijah 1427l (from 28/12/2006 to 6/1/2007) for winter time and between 21/4 and 1/5/1428l (8 -17/5/2007) for spring season. it was found that the highest concentrations of approximately 135, 200 and 365 mg/m^3 were recorded for o3, no2 and no pollutants respectively with maximum incident uv radiation at midday of 210 mw/cm^2 during winter time (zul-hijah 1428l). however, in spring season, the maximum recorded values for o3, no2 and no species were approximately 147, 100 and 95 mg/m^3 respectively with largest incident uv radiation at midday of 300 mw/cm^2 . the ozone concentration may significantly increases if two factors (high vehicles emission and large incident solar uv radiation) combined together, which could occur when the hajj month synchronizes with spring or summer seasons in the coming few years. as a result, a big challenge of air quality in makkah and hence pilgrims health problems will be encountered, otherwise new means of transportation and air quality controlled are required.