Phytochemical and biological studies of Carduus pycnocephalus L.

Seven flavonoidal compounds,apigenin (1),kaempferol-3-o-β-d-glucoside (2),kaempferol-3-o-α-l-rhamnoside (3),kaempferol-7-methoxy-3-o-α-l-rhamnoside (4),diosmetin-7-o-β-d-xylosyl-(1‴→6″)-β-d-glucopyranoside (5),diosmetin-7-o-α-l-arabinosyl (1‴→6″)-β-d-glucopyranoside (6),kaempferol-3-o-α-l-rhamnosyl-(1‴→2″)-α-l-rhamnoside (7),in addition to lupeol (8),β-sitosterol (9) and β-sitosterol-3-o-β-d-glucoside (10) were isolated from the aerial parts of carduus pycnocephalus l. the structures of the isolated compounds were established by uv,ir,fab-ms,esi-ms,ei-ms,1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic methods. compounds 1,2,and 4 were reported for the first time from c. pycnocephalus and compounds 5 and 7 were first reported from the genus carduus. anti-inflammatory,antispasmodic and hypotensive activities were assessed for all extracts which showed variable activities. © 2012 production and hosting by elsevier b.v.