بررسی رابطه جنبش خلافت و افکار سیاسی مسلمان هند (با تاکید بر اندیشه های ابوالکلام آزاد ومودودی)

مسئلۀ اساسی این مقاله، بررسی جنبش خلافت در بین اندیشمندان مسلمان و تاثیر آن بر رشد و بلوغ فکری و سیاسی آن‌ها بعد از جنگ جهانی اول است. این جنبش اگرچه به‌وسیلۀ جمعی از مسلمانان روشنفکر و مبارز هند و به پشتیبانی از خلافت عثمانی شکل گرفت؛ اما با توجه به ماهیت ضدانگلیسی آن، خیلی زود به عاملی مهم درجهت ساماندهی و پیوند مبارزان هندی اعم‌از مسلمان و هندو تبدیل شد. این مقاله با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و بر مبنای مطالعات کتابخانه‌‌ای، به بررسی رابطۀ جنبش خلافت و افکار سیاسی اندیشمندان مسلمان هند پرداخته است. نتایج این مقاله نشان می‌‌دهد، جنبش خلافت نتوانست مانع از سقوط خلافت عثمانی نشود؛ اما با توجه به روند مطالباتی آن، از تحریم اقتصادی و نظامی، اعلام جهاد و دارالکفر خواندن هند تا تهدید به اعلام جمهوریت نقش بسزایی در بلوغ هویتی و سیاسی مبارزان هندی به‌خصوص مسلمانان در مبارزه با انگلیس ایفا کرده است.

exploring the relationship between the caliphate movement and the indian muslim political thoughts with an emphasis on the ideas of abul kalam azad and maududi

abstractthe main problem in this article is the investigation of caliphate movement among muslim scientists and its effect on their growth and political- mental maturation after the first world war. althougt this movement was formed via a group of indian enlightered fighter muslims with support of ottoman caliphate, it was soon turned to be an important foctor to organize and joint indian fighters who were hindus and muslims, due to its anti- british natur. the present article has tackeled with the study of the relation of caliphate movement and the political ideas of indian muslim scientists based on library method studies and on the descriptive – analytical method. the obtained results of this article shows that although the caliphate movement couldn,t help prevent the collapse of ottoman caliphate, it indeed played acritical role at identificational and political maturity of  indian fighters specially muslims who were against england, and military sanctions, declaring jihad ( holy war),  regarding india as dar ai-kufr up to announcing republicanism.  introductionin the first two decades of the twentieth century, the independence and participation of hindus and muslims in fighting against britain, which was considered a single enemy, was being talked about. world war i began; the british and indian troops were sent to international fronts, leading to a decrease in the military power in india. besides, the spread of international news and growing awareness of the indian people, especially muslims, intensified anti-colonial views toward the british presence in this country. repressive measures after world war i, along with the anti-colonial views of the indian people and the events that took place in the islamic world by the british to weaken and divide islamic governments, caused muslim fighters to react to this situation.