نقش بابر در رونق یافتن هنر و معماری

هندوستان سرزمینی است که بیش از سیصد سال (933-1274ه.ق) تحت حکومت پادشاهان مسلمان و پارسی‌گوی مغول بوده است. بابر سرسلسلۀ مغولان هند با برنامه‌‌ریزی و بهره‌‌گیری از جنبه‌‌های فرهنگی و هنری در پیشبرد اهداف و حفظ پایه‌‌های حکومت خود و جانشینانش، از آن استفاده کرد. حمایت بابر از هنرمندان، از دلایل مهاجرت هنرمندان بوده که در رشد هنر و معماری در این دوره تاثیرگذار بوده است. هدف مقالۀ حاضر، تبیین نقش بابر در رونق هنر و معماری و دستاوردهای او در دورۀ حکومتش به‌عنوان بنیان‌گذار حکومت مغولان هند است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که بابر به‌عنوان بنیان‌گذار سلسلۀ مغولان هند، با هنرهای نقاشی، خوشنویسی و معماری آشنایی داشته است. براین‌اساس سوال اصلی پژوهش حاضر این است که بابر چه نقشی در رونق و شکوفایی فرهنگی در عرصۀ هنر و معماری داشته است. پژوهش پیشِ‌رو به شیوۀ نظری و تاریخی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌‌ای تدوین شده است و می‌‌کوشد تا به بررسی نقش و عملکرد بابر در رشد هنر و معماری و دستاوردهای هنری او بپردازد.

babur’s role in the flourishing of art and architecture

abstractindia is a land that has been ruled by muslim and persian-speaking mughal kings for more than three hundred years (1526-1857). babur, the mughal dynasty of india, used it by planning and utilizing cultural and artistic aspects to advance the goals and maintain the foundations of his government and his successors. babar’s support for artists was one of the reasons for the migration of artists, which influenced the growth of art and architecture in this period. the purpose of this article is babur’s role in the prosperity of art and architecture and his achievements during his reign as the founder of the mughal empire in india. the research results indicate that babur, as the founder of the indian mughal dynasty, was familiar with the arts of painting, calligraphy and architecture. accordingly, the main question of the present study is: what role has babur played in the prosperity and cultural flourishing in the field of art and architecture? the present research has been compiled in a theoretical and historical way and using library resources and tries to study the role and function of babur in the development of art and architecture and his artistic achievements  introductionas india is a vast land with a long history of civilization. this land of india has been one of the important points of persian-islamic culture and art since the sixteenth century. the period of the mughals of india is one of the periods of cultural and artistic development of the land of india. the main reason for this progress was that the mughal emperors of india, especially the kings of the first period of this dynasty, in addition to being lovers of persian poetry and literature, also encouraged arts such as painting, calligraphy and architecture. in addition to turkish, the mother tongue of the mughal dynasty of india, they were fluent in persian and uzbek. babur, the head of the mughal dynasty of india, was the first mughal ruler of india to uphold islamic culture and be influenced by persian art. understanding his interest in culture and art depends on knowing the babur family and his living environment.1.1. research methodologyin this research, theoretical and historical research methods have been used. in order to collect information, first-hand written sources such as baburnama by zahir-u-ddin mohammad babur and second-hand sources such as foreign sources and authoritative research articles in this field have been used. in addition, survived drawings from the babur period have been used. discussionbefore entering india, babur was familiar with the herat school of art, which had grown greatly during the reigns of baysunghar and hussein bayqara. babar saw behzad’s works during his trip to herat in 1506 and mentioned behzad in his tuzuk. behzad introduced the herat school of painting in agra, and babur, although not himself an illustrator and painter, had an artistic taste and commented on behzad’s illustrations. in fact, behzad’s attention to the real world around him distinguishes him from the painters before him (babur, 2009: 103 and 120).