ورود زبان عربی به هند و بازتاب آن در شبه قاره

زبان عربی، زبان بین المللی جهان اسلام است که با توجه به پیشرفت روزافزون دین مبین اسلام به تدریج در خارج از شبه ‌جزیره عربستان از جمله در شبه قارۀ هند نیز انتشار یافت. این زبان در هند تقریبا به طور انحصاری توسط مسلمانان این دیار مورد استفاده قرار می گرفت اما با توسعه حکومت های اسلامی در شبه قاره، زبان عربی تحت حمایت حاکمان هند نیز واقع شد و توسعه ی این زبان در دوره های  بعد باعث رواج خط عربی در این دیار شد و با گذشت زمان، رویکردها و عملکردهای متفاوتی پیدا کرد.مقالۀ حاضر با روش توصیفی - استقرایی در صدد بررسی چگونگی ورود زبان عربی به هند است. نتایج به دست آمده حکایت از آن دارد که با انتشار دین اسلام در شبه قاره و نیاز مذهبی مسلمانان به یادگیری زبان دین، این زبان از قرن اول هجری به سرزمین هند راه یافت و در جنبه های مختلف زندگی هندی ها اعم از سیاسی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و معیشتی و نیز در تعاملات تجاری و فرهنگی هند با عربها تاثیرگذاشت.

the arrival of arabic language in india and its reflection in the indian subcontinen

1.introductionthe life condition of indian settlers was distinct in the middle ages because the inhabitants of the indian subcontinent belonged to two separate castes. one social class benefited from full welfare every kind of scientific, cultural, economic advantages; while the other caste suffered greatly from lack of social facilities (yari, 1389: 14). it was in such an unjust social condition that islam entered this country, bringing the message of equality of all social classes and so paved the way to increase its influence and that of arabic language. some historians believe that traders in india made the hindu’s familiarity with islam and arabic language possible. “sahar al abdi is a prominent trader who travelled to the subcontinent in 23 h.a” (iben asir, v2, 1407: 444). by the passage of time, islam had its deep effect on hindu’s heart and thoughts before its capture by her conquerors. thus, islam enchanted the hindus. “the rise of islam and the conquest of sindh by muslims and their residence there paved the way for further contact and transaction with indian settlers and consequently these settlers got connected to islamic centers of science, culture, trade, and politics in the contemporary world in baghdad and damascus. hence, sindh became the point of connection of islamic world with india” (nehru, 1362: 285). out of such scientific transactions and cultural relations an islamic-hindu culture emerged. the reflection of this hybrid culture in historical writings, paintings, coins, and classic movements has survived. besides, these transactions increased hindu’s enthusiasm to learn arabic language; consequently, arabic language developed in the subcontinent and there followed the founding of religious schools, writing books, and islamic coining. the present research intends to express the historical background of the arrival of arabic language in the subcontinent and hindu’s familiarity with islam and to study the quality of the influence of this language and its reflection in india and its various functions. 2. research methodologythis study is based on a descriptive-inductive method in which, firstly, the precious sources are investigated to find out how arabic language arrived in india, then, it will be discussed how this language was taught to the settlers of india and how it was reflected in indian literature.