رویکردهای عرفانی فیضی فیاضی

شیخ ابوالفیض بن مبارک(954 1004ه.) متخلّص به فیضی از بزرگ ترین شاعران قرن دهم هجری و ملک‌الشعرای دربار اکبرشاه بوده است. بر خلاف دیدگاه کسانی که او را ملحد و دیوانش را سرشار از کفریات دانسته اند، او در بارۀ دین نگاهی ژرف و با آموزه های عرفانی آشنایی بسیار داشته است و در عین حال از تنگ‌نظری و تعصب به دور بوده و دیوان او گنجینه‌ای عرفانی است. در این مقاله بر بنیاد این فرضیه‌ها و با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی کوشیده‌ شده است که اندیشه های عرفانی و اثرپذیری از مکاتب گوناگون عرفانی در دیوان فیضی واکاوی شود و به این نتایج رسیده‌ایم که فیضی به مکاتب عرفانی ملامتی و قلندری گرایش بیشتری داشته، همان‌گونه که با تصوف خانقاهی سر سازش نداشته و فراوان از مظاهر آن چون خانقاه و خرقه و شیخ و ... انتقاد کرده است. شیوه‌ بیانش در تبیین مبارزه با نفس بیشتر حماسی و تاویل گرایانه  بوده و در اندیشه های ملامتی و قلندری رندانه و طنزآمیز و در شطحیات اغراق آمیز و متناقض. حوادث اجتماعی و فرهنگی عصر او نیز در دیدگاه‌های او  اثرها داشته، به ویژه در نگاه اشراقی او و ستایش‌های بسیارش از خورشید و تساهل با پیروان دیگر ادیان و مکاتب.

research on the mystical approaches of faizi fayazi

1-     introductionsheikh abolfaiz ibn-e- mubarak (954 -1004 a.d.) whose pen name is faizi was one of the greatest poets of the tenth century a.h. and the poet laureate of the court of the akbar. some have called him an atheist and his book full of blasphemy but he had a deep look about religion and was fully aware of mystical teachings and hated bigotry and his divan is a treasure of mystical issues. there was no research on the mystical approaches of faizi so his poetry needed to be studied to reveal the influence of mystical schools on his poetry and his artistic style. in this study, we have shown which mystical ideas are most reflected in his divan and how was his approach to mystical thoughts and what effect did social and political developments have on his mystical thoughts.2-     research methodologythis study has been carried out in the descriptive-analytical and content analysis methods. in this method the messages of all the verses of faizi’s divan have been examined and the verses with mystical themes have been written on the sheets and at the same time, we have taken notes of relevant library resources and by describing, analyzing, and classifying the notes, we have come to new conclusions about faizi’s mystical approaches.3-     discussionthe mystical epic is a literary type in which the mystical concepts are discussed in an epic way. in the mystical epic, the mystic is a hero and the sensuality is a demon and the seven stages of love are like haft khan-e- rostam. (shamisa, 1991: 131-133) faizi has interpreted mystical concepts by mixing allusion and other figures of speech as well as using glorious and epic language and has blended the elegance of mysticism and epic glory. he has likened himself to rostam and the sensuality to demon and seven stages of love to haft khan-e rostam. (faizi, 1983: 10)thoughts of &malamatya&, such as hatred of the cloak (khargushi, 1999: 40) and avoiding knowledge and writing (shafieiye kadkani, 2007: 342) is reflected in his divan. he has believed that focusing on books and compilations and appearance sciences prevented him from coming to the truth (faizi, 1983: 126) and appearance books must be burned in the fire of love. (same: 335)qalandari poetry is a poem that attacks social, religious and moral values and tries to propagate the anti-values. (shafieiye kadkani, 2007: 297) faizi has also criticized many appearances of religion and has despised all virtual manifestations of religion. he has wished to melt the kaaba chain and make an idol with it and install the strings of the kaaba on his harp and play music in the mosque and destroy the kaaba and attack the pilgrims and slaughter their camels and … because in his opinion all this is unrealistic. (faizi, 1983: 468) with his artistic style he has shown the hypocritical contradictions of the sheikhs and the hermits and the preachers and ridicule them. to him, all religions are the same. &i follow a thousand religions,& he has said. (same: 198)&shath& is an ecstatic and weird utterance which this is accompanied by the intensity of the excitement. (abū naṣr sarrāj, 1914: 322) &shath& usually has a contradiction and is a sign of unity with god and is accompanied by seemingly exaggerated claims. &shath& is widely reflected in the faizi’s poem. he has identified himself as god that has leaned on his throne and the sky is a drop of his greatness and the universe is watching his glory. (faizi, 1983: 28)one of the notable concepts in faizi’s poems is the praise and bow of the sun, its light and its manifestations.