روش‌شناسی ابوریحان بیرونی در کتاب فی‌تحقیق ماللهند و آثارالباقیه

ابوریحان‌بیرونی یکی از نامدارترین دانشمندان سده چهارم هجری است. مهم‌ترین دلیل معروفیت او به کارگیری روش‌شناسی و داشتن بینشی ژرف در کالبدشکافی علوم بود. مقاله حاضر درصدد است تا به این سوال پاسخ دهد که وجوه افتراق و اشتراک اندیشه‌های ابوریحان در تعریف و تفسیر علم در دو کتاب آثارالباقیه و فی تحقیق ماللهند چیست؟ دستاوردها نشان می‌دهد اگرچه رویکرد ابوریحان در پاره ای از علوم نظیر طبیعیات، ریاضی و علوم‌تجربی مبنی بر مشاهده، استقراء و شیوه عقلی بوده؛ در کتاب فی تحقیق ماللهند و آثارالباقیه نگرشی محتاطانه همراه با اندکی تعصب داشته است. بیرونی در این اثر بیش از روش عقلی از روش همدلانه که امروزه یکی از روش‌های موثر در رشته علوم انسانی است،بهره جست. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی در تلاش است تا به ظرافت‌های درک درونی و فهم تاریخی دو کتاب فی تحقیق ماللهند و آثارالباقیه بپردازد.

aboureihan bourouni’s methodology on the study of fi tahghigh malel hend (research on india), jamahir, and asarol baghieh (remaining works)

1.  introduction abu rayhan biruni is known to be a distinguished scientist and also a philosopher; the reason is that his practical style was based on meticulous observation, and rational reasoning. while in rhetorical thought any kind of reasoning, analysis, and judgment in science were forbidden, and the thinkers only quoted (ideas) from different sciences, biruni opposed this current trend of only quoting and in his well-known works such as fi tahghigh malel hend (research on india), jamahir, and asarol baghieh (remaining works), writes about methodology, and choice of better opinions from among all of them, and brings reasons that this method is unique and unprecedented. there exist signs and reasons proving that biruni’s view point and methodology in two of his books namely in asarol baghieh, and fi tahghigh malel hend, are unique to that day.the current research attempts to answer the question: what similarities/differences exist between biruni’s thoughts and his definition and interpretation of science in the two books asarol baghieh, and in fi tahghigh malel hend, and in the rest of his books? what connection exists between biruni’s scientific and political stance with the books  fi tahghigh malel hend, and asarol baghieh? the assumptions of the research are that to know india’s history and to introduce it better, biruni adopts the method of identification with the indian people. the research proves that the method had been used in biruni’s previous works too. since biruni had been familiar with greek philosophical schools and its rational method of reasoning, his books possess cohesion and are systematic. 2. research  methodology the current research methodology is based on explication-analysis and attempts to discover the details and historical significances of the two books fi tahghigh malel hend, and asarol baghieh. details and witnesses show that though biruni’s approach in natural sciences, mathematics, and experimental sciences, is based on observation, induction, and reasoning, in fi tahghigh malel hend, and asarol baghieh his approach is somewhat cautious and rather prejudiced. in these works biruni uses the method of identification which is currently very influential in humanities. 3. discussion  the main aim of the current research is study of methodology of the two books asarol baghieh, and fi tahghigh malel hend.