بررسی و تحلیل مضامین دینی زرتشتیان در «قصه سنجان»

قصه سنجان منظومه ای متاخر در مورد مهاجرت زرتشتیان از ایران به هند، در زمان حملات اعراب مسلمان بوده که براساس روایت های قدیمی تدوین گردیده است. این پژوهش به بررسی مضامین دینی زرتشتیان در اشعار این قصه می پردازد و اطلاعات حاصل را با واقعیت موجود در کتب اصلی این دین مقایسه می کند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش شناخت کلی دین زرتشتی در زمان سرایش به همراه تاثیر باورهای رایج و غالب آن دوره با توجه بر محتویات این منظومه بوده است. پرسش اصلی این پژوهش چنین طرح شده که مطالب قصه سنجان، چه میزان با مضامین اصلی دین زرتشتیان هماهنگ بوده و فرهنگ غالب مکان و زمان سرایش منظومه چه تاثیری بر محتوا و نحوه روایت آن داشته است؟ داده های این پژوهش با سنجش انتقادی متون اصلی دین زرتشتی و متن قصه سنجان صورت پذیرفته و به کمک تحلیل محتوا مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در نتیجه مشخص گردید که سراینده این داستان آگاهی کاملی از این دین داشته، اما در موارد بسیاری تحت تاثیر باورهای مکان و زمان خویش، یعنی هندوستان قرون 16-17م. قرار گرفته و حتی بنا به مصلحت از ادبیاتی غریب با دیانت زرتشتی در این منظومه بهره برده است.

investigating and analyzing the zoroastrian religious concepts in “qissa-i sanjan”

1-     introductionbased on the text of the holy quran (haj: 17), zoroastrianism is a monotheistic religion, and its followers are considered ahl al-kitab. zoroastrianism was the religion of the majority of iran plateau residents until 622 ad (when muslim arabs attacked iran). after the arrival of newly-converted arabs, based on the political and cultural necessities of the time, zoroastrians had to accept the new dominant religion. otherwise, they had to pay jizya or be killed, and some of them were forced to immigrate. some of the immigration stories are written in islamic texts; some other were later written in the form of legends or myths during modern centuries. one of them which is nowadays available as a book is qissa-i sanjan. in this story, the immigration story of some zoroastrians is narrated who immigrated to india, in several phases. the present study focuses on the religious concepts of this book of poetry. the zoroastrians immigration to india has a time index and a place index, therefore, it is necessary to study the conflicts created by the cultural effects of time and place on both countries. the questions of the researchers are as follows: how much overlap exists in qissa-i sanjan narratives with the major concepts of zoroastrianism? also, what is the effect of the dominant culture of the book’s composition time and place on its content and narration style? the purpose of the study is recognizing and comparing the zoroastrianism religious concepts mentioned in this book with the reality of zoroastrianism. moreover,this study investigates the india’s dominant cultural effects while this book ofpoetry was being composed considering the narration style. 2-     research methodologythe preliminary studying of the book, as the research main core, was the aim of the authors. however, other zoroastrian and historical texts were taken into consideration in order to compare the religious rituals, historical information, and various religious impressions. the authors of the present study have divided the qissa-i sanjan (razi edition, 1350) into ten sections and have marked each section with the help of abjad letters from a to z. in this way, the poem lines are recognizable by two indexes: abjad letters and numbers, for referencing. for instance, the twelfth line of the fourth section of the book is referenced as (bahman qighobad, 1350: d: 12) in the footnote of the same page after writing the line of the poetry itself.3-     discussionafter the seizure of iran by muslims, iranian zoroastrians had to accept the conquerors’ religion, otherwise, they had to pay jizya or be killed. some of them decided to leave iran. they had to immigrate to other places especially india. qissa-i sanjan narrates the story of such immigration to india. this book of poetry is composed based on an old story narrated by dastoori dana almost 1000 years since the beginning of the immigration in 1600 ad.