علل رویکرد تعلیمی در منظومۀ دولرانی و خضرخان امیرخسرو دهلوی

امیرخسرو دهلوی (651-725ﻫ.ق) از شاعران عارف فارسی‌گوی نیمۀ دوم قرن هفتم و نیمۀ اول قرن هشتم هجری هندوستان است. منظومۀ ادبی-تاریخی «‌دُوَل‌رانی‌خَضَر‌خان» از مثنوی‌های اوست که مشتمل‌بر 4519 بیت است. این مثنوی به بحر هزج مثمن مقصور یا محذوف در داستان واقعی عشق خضر‌خان، پسر علاء‌الدیّن‌محمّد‌شاه‌خلجی با «دیول‌دی» دختر راجه‌گجرات است. امیرخسرو ابتدا این داستان را به نثر فارسی نوشت و سپس به دستور سلطان آن را در 715 ﻫ.ق به نظم در آورد. توجه به آموزه‌های تعلیمی به‌صورت مستقیم و غیرمستقیم از زبان شخصیت‌‌های داستانی دولرانی و خضرخان بیان شده است. این پژوهش، به شیوة توصیفی- تحلیلی و استواری بر چارچوب نظری می‌کوشد به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که شاخص‌‌ترین انواع مضامین اندرزی و همچنین علل و انگیزۀ تعلیم در منظومۀ غنایی دولرانی و خضرخان در چیست؟ مطابق با دستاوردهای تحقیق، اصلی‌‌ترین علت و انگیزۀ انعکاس مضامین تعلیمی در داستان دولرانی و خضرخان، تنبه و عبرت است. همچنین در منظومۀ غنایی دولرانی و خضرخان، پیوستگی و آمیزش مضامین غنایی و تعلیمی به روشنی نشان می‌‌دهد، امیرخسرو در پی طرح این موضوع بوده است که برای رسیدن به کمال در یک رابطۀ عاشقانه، توجه به آموزه‌‌های تعلیمی جایگاه مهم و بلندی دارد.

Causes of an Educational Approach to Doverani and Khezarkhan Amir Khosrodehloui

The Impact of USIndian Nuclear Cooperation on IndiaIran Relations  Introduction The IndianAmerican strategic relations have increased dramatically despite the ups and downs in the Trump office term, since both the United States and India have shared interests in balancing China’s power in Asia, and on the other hand the United States assesses India’s capacity to be significant as a growing market and a rival against China. The United States is trying to raise India as a counterweight against China and helping India to build its political supremacy in the region and support its leadership role in the Third World especially in Asia is a part of this plan. Nuclear cooperation between the United States and India is a milestone in the relationship between the two countries. Indian and American nuclear exchanges without the need to sign the Comprehensive NuclearTestBan Treaty (CTBT) allowed India to engage in nonmilitary trade. In this regard, since the United States and Iran disagree over Iran’s nuclear activities, USIndian nuclear cooperation can affect the national security of Iran in the region and increase international pressure on Iran for its nuclear program. 3.1 Methodology Given the theoretical nature of this study, it employs a qualitativedescriptiveanalytic approach. In qualitative research design, data from historical, descriptive and empirical research are used. The data needed in this study are collected through library references, documents, and various internet websites and resources.  Discussion The history of official, diplomatic, and administrative relations between India and the United States dates back to 1947 when Indian gained independence. In 1960, some Indian political exiles entered the United States, and in 1913 a group of Indian patriots led by Lala Hardale established the first powerful Indian party to win American support in California. During the Cold War, the relations between the two countries affected by the EastWest rigid blocking and India’s close proximity to the Soviet Union on the one hand, and India’s accession to the head of the anticolonial movements and the NonAligned Movement (NAM), on the other hand, left no opportunity for the two countries to get closer to each other (Arghavani Pirsalami Esmaeili, 2017: 18). Perhaps when, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Indian strategic circles had advised the government that &New Delhi has already fallen on the left side of history, it’s now time to sleep on the right side of history,& and they point out the necessity of developing India’s relations with the United States, no one thought that the Delhi and Washington relations would get so close. With George Bush coming to power, a positive attitude was adopted toward the relationship with India and the emphasis on India’s democracy as a shared value between the two countries provided the grounds for the expansion of trade relations with India. Bush emphasized that disputed issues like CTBT would not hinder the deepening of IndianAmerican relations (Vaezie Mozhirzadeh, 2015: 139). With Barack Obama’s arrival at the White House in 2009, many experts expected the growing IndiaUS relationship to continue based on a logical trend. In July of the same year, Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, visited India, in which several bilateral cooperation agreements were signed between India and the United States. Clinton also explained key components of IndiaUS cooperation in five areas, including strategic cooperation, commercial, economic, and agricultural partnerships, energy and climate change cooperation, education, and scientific technology development partnerships (Aqa’i and Aghdaei, 2014: 317). When announcing his new policy on August 21, 2017, Tramp called India &the US key security and economic partner,& and stated that the development of a strategic partnership with India is &an important part of the US strategy in South Asia.& The IndianUS nuclear agreement was signed on July 18, 2005, in spite of its noncompliance with the NonProliferation Treaty. Under this agreement, India could buy nuclear fuel from the United States and it was allowed to create its strategic nuclear fuel reserves to be used in the event of disruptions in the fuel supply (Mirza Sadiq, 2008: 3).