تاثیر واگرایانۀ وهابیگری عربستان بر روابط ایران و پاکستان (1991-2018) بر پایۀ نظریۀ سازه‌انگاری

این مقاله می‌کوشد تاثیر وهابیت و اقدامات واگرایانۀ کشور عربستان بر روابط ایران و پاکستان در فاصلۀ زمانی 1991 تا 2018 را بررسی کند. این مقاله با به‌کارگیری مدل سیاست خارجی مبتنی‌بر سازه‌انگاری، سعی کرده است به این سوال پاسخ دهد که ساختارهای فکری و عقیدتی حاکم بر سیاست خارجی عربستان، چه تاثیری بر روابط ایران و پاکستان به دنبال داشته است. فرضیه‌ای که در این تحقیق اثبات خواهد شد، عبارت از این است که فعالیت‌های واگرایانۀ سعودی‌ها و روابط نزدیک پاکستان با عربستان و سرمایه‌گذاری‌های کلان ریاض در حوزۀ دینی پاکستان، روابط تهران و اسلام‌آباد را دچار تنش کرده است. این مقاله برای آزمون فرضیۀ خود از روش توصیفی تحلیلی استفاده کرده است و با بهره‌برداری از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و اینترنتی نشان می‌دهد که هدف اصلی عربستان سعودی، مقابله با نفوذ منطقه‌ای جمهوری اسلامی ایران، گسترش شیعه‌هراسی و ایران‌هراسی، حمایت از جریانات بنیادگرای وهابی و درنهایت جلوگیری از گسترش روابط ایران و پاکستان است.

Saudi Arabia’s Wahhabi’s divergent influence on Iran-Pakistan relations (1991-2018) based on constructivism theory

1Introduction The Tension in relations between the two influential Islamic countries, Iran and Saudi Arabia, have affected relations between Iran and the Islamic world, including Pakistan’s neighboring Islamic State. Between 1991 and 2018, the Saudi actions, which stemmed from the influence of the country’s norms, ideas and beliefs on foreign policy, had a negative impact on relations between Iran and its important eastern neighbor. Saudi Arabia that perfecting the leadership of the Islamic world, inspired by the teachings of Wahhabism and its antiShiite rhetoric, has diverted relations between Iran and Pakistan. Supporting Salafi groups and currents inside Pakistan and financially feeding the Iranian opposition in Balochistan have been major policies of the Saudis for the past thirty years.Relations between Iran and Pakistan are very important for our country’s foreign policy and how we can have a close relationship with that country, despite the many problems. Identifying one of the main causes of divergence and disruption in IranPakistan relations is one of the main goals of the present study. Foreign policy agents and decision makers can be informed of the various dimensions of the impact of Saudi Arabia’s actions on Pakistan and Iran ’s behavior towards each other, using the findings of the article. This research also puts the production of necessary literature for academics at the forefront of its goals. Using constructivism theory, this paper seeks to answer the question of how the intellectual and ideological structures that govern Saudi foreign policy have affected IranPakistan relations.      2Research methodology The research method in the present study is analyticaldescriptive. Depending on the nature and type of subject matter being studied, information is collected using librarydocumentary tools. Accordingly, in order to analyze the extracted information and evaluate the hypothesis and finally answer the research question, in the method of qualitative analysis, library examples have been used as a criterion and criterion for evaluation. The data used in this study are qualitative and these data can be converted to a smaller number, so they are analyzed in the same way that they were collected. In this qualitative data, most of the objectives were to describe the subject. The present study is also a crosssectional study and covers the period 1991 to 2018. During this period, due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the spread of Islamic fundamentalism in the world, relations between neighboring countries in the Middle East and Southwest Asia have undergone fundamental changes.    3Discussion One of the areas where Iran and Saudi Arabia are at loggerheads over these issues and seek to expand their influence is the subcontinent and Pakistan. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Saudi aid to Central Asian countries and its connection with the region is provided through Pakistan. The two countries are also working together to resolve the Afghan crisis. During the Afghan war, when Pakistan was in dire need of Saudi aid, the monarchy widely supported Pakistan. Saudi religious associations and circles entered Pakistan with the motive of promoting and helping Afghan Mujahideen and immigrants, as well as assisting religious groups inside Pakistan (Mohammad Sharifi, 2004: 223).Saudi religious circles have focused their major investments on establishing schools and mosques. These schools entertained the teachings of traditional Islamic thought by Ibn Taymiyyah, Muhammad ibn Abd alWahhab, and Shah Wali Allah. Inside Pakistan, Saudiinfluenced schools supported Saudi Arabia’s militant stance against Iran. Due to the increasing power of such schools, the wave of violence and opposition to Iranianbacked revolutionary Islamists has intensified. In fact, Saudi Arabia stepped in in the early 1980s to counter Iran’s influence on Pakistani Shiites.