کاربست الگوی آنتوان برمن در تحلیل تعریب وصیت‌نامۀ سیاسی-الهی امام خمینی(ره) با نگرش به گرایش‌های تغییر شکل‌دهندۀ متن مبدا

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل گرایش‌های تغییر شکل‌دهندۀ متن مبدا در ترجمه از فارسی به عربی است تا بدین ‌وسیله اصول و مبانی تعریب به بحث گذارده شود. بر همین اساس، پژوهش حاضر به دو بخش نظری و تطبیقی تقسیم شده است؛ بخش نظری، دربرگیرندۀ نگرش آنتوان برمن به گرایش‌های تغییر شکل‌دهندۀ متن مبدا است و بخش تطبیقی، ناظر به تحلیل تعریب وصیت‌نامۀ سیاسی-الهی امام خمینی(ره) بر اساس الگوی آنتوان برمن است. برمن از سیزده گرایش به عنوان عوامل تغییر شکل‌دهندۀ متن مبدا نام برده است. این گرایش‌ها عبارت هستند از: خردپروری، شفاف‌سازی، تطویل، اصالت‌بخشی، فقرزدگی کیفی، فقرزدگی کمی، همسان‌سازی، تخریب ضرب‌آهنگ‌ها، تخریب شبکۀ دال‌ها و معانی ضمنی، تخریب گرایش‌های نظام‌مند، تخریب یا بدیع‌سازی شبکه‌های زبان بومی، تخریب عبارت‌ها و اصطلاحات، و پاک‌سازی از انباشتگی‌های زبانی. هر کدام از این گرایش‌ها جنبه‌هایی از متن اصلی را در نظر گرفته و چشم‌انداز دقیقی به ترجمه و شناخت تصمیم‌های مترجم می‌دهد. روش پژوهش، توصیفی-‌تحلیلی است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که تاثیر گرایش‌های تغییر شکل‌دهندۀ متن مبدا بر فرآیند تعریب وصیت‌نامۀ سیاسی-الهی امام خمینی(ره) از یکدیگر متفاوت است؛ دامنۀ تاثیر هر یک از آن‌ها بر فرآیند اشاره شده، وابسته به تصمیم‌های مترجم و همچنین ژانر متن است؛ در حالی که خردپروری از قوی‌ترین تاثیر برخوردار است، فقرزدگی کمی، تخریب عبارت‌ها و اصطلاحات و پاک‌سازی از انباشتگی‌های زبانی فرصتی برای نقش‌آفرینی به دست نیاورده‌اند.

the application of antoine berman’s model in the analysis of the translation of imam khomeini’s political-divine testament with a look towards the transforming tendencies of the source text

the research aims to analyze source text tendencies when translating from persian to arabic, discussing translation principles. the mentioned research is divided into two parts: theoretical and comparative. the theoretical part focuses on antoine berman’s attitude towards the transforming tendencies of the source text. the comparative part includes an analysis of the translation of imam khomeini’s political-divine testament based on antoine berman’s model. berman identified thirteen tendencies that influence the way the source text is presented. these tendencies are rationalization, clarification, expansion, ennoblement, qualitative impoverishment, quantitative impoverishment, assimilation, destruction of rhythms, the destruction of the underlying networks of signification, the destruction of linguistic patternings, the destruction of vernacular networks or their exoticization, the destruction of expressions and idioms, and the effacement of the superimposition of languages. each tendency offers a unique perspective on the translator’s decisions, based on different aspects of the original text. the research method used was descriptive and analytical. the results of the study revealed that the changing tendencies of the source text had varying impacts on the translation process of imam khomeini’s political and divine testament. the extent to which each factor influences the process in question relies on the translator’s decisions and the genre of the text. rationalization is the most significant factor, while quantitative impoverishment, the destruction of expressions and idioms, and the effacement of the superimposition of languages have not been shown to have an impact.keywords: translation, arabicizing, antoine berman, text-changing tendencies, political-divine testament of imam khomeini.introductiontranslation criticism theories are broadly categorized into two main branches: originalist theories which focus on the original text, foreign language, and culture, and destinationist theories which center around the reader, target language, and culture. the primary objective of transformational tendencies is to modify the original text in such a way that it presents an acceptable meaning and beautiful form to the users of the target language. given this definition, it is crucial to evaluate the extent of destruction caused by the changing tendencies since the target text’s essence usually rejects the source text’s form in favor of syntactic independence and semantic clarity.in his translation evaluation model, berman examines various methods of transferring text from the source language to the target language. he identifies tendencies that can impact the quality of the translation: rationalization, clarification, expansion, ennoblement, qualitative impoverishment, quantitative impoverishment, assimilation, destruction of rhythms, the destruction of the underlying networks of signification, the destruction of linguistic patternings, the destruction of vernacular networks or their exoticization, the destruction of expressions and idioms, and the effacement of the superimposition of languages. berman provides many examples to explain the cultural and linguistic reasons for these distortions, including the destruction or modernization of native language networks, the destruction of expressions and idioms, and the effacement of the superimposition of languages. familiarity with berman’s model is essential for teachers and translation students of the arabic language, especially in translating key texts like the political-divine testament of imam khomeini, which require a strong tendency towards localization. it can improve their skills in translating from persian to arabic and vice versa.literature reviewthe search in the databases revealed that there has been no independent research on the translation of imam khomeini’s political-divine testament based on antoine berman’s model of the transforming tendencies of the original text. however, it might be helpful to mention the completed works based on the mentioned model and their description for the audience.in their article on the review of the latest translation of the novel the stranger based on antoine berman’s text distortion system (2016), farsian and esmaili discussed seven cases of the changing tendencies of the original text in the analysis of mehran zindabudi’s translation of albert camus’s the stranger. they concluded that 1) the translator had to use rationalization due to the structural differences between french and persian languages; 2) the translator had sometimes made clarification in unnecessary cases; 3) the tendency of the translator to expand is the result of the two previous tendencies; 4)