نقد و بررسی برگردان روح‌الله رحیمی از رمان «تحت اقدام الامهات» با تکیه بر رویکرد بوطیقای ترجمۀ هِنری مِشونیک 1972 م

امروزه نظریه‌پردازان حوزۀ ترجمه با ارائه آثار و نظریات خود گامی بلند در جهت توسعۀ روش‌های نقد و بررسی ترجمه برداشته‌ و بستر لازم را جهت ارائۀ ترجمۀ مطلوب، فرا روی مترجمان فراهم کرده‌اند. یکی از نظریۀ‌پردازان این حوزه، هنری مشونیک فرانسوی است. بوطیقای ترجمه در مفهومی که در این بحث مدنظر قرار داده می‌شود، به قول مشونیک نوعی نظریۀ ترجمۀ متون است. بوطیقا با مسائل ساختار زبانی سروکار دارد درست همان‌طور که نقاشی به ساختارهای تصویری می‌پردازد؛ چراکه زبان‌شناسی دانش کلی ساختارهای زبانی است. رویکرد بوطیقای ترجمۀ مشونیک متشکل از مفاهیمی چون شفافیت و مرکزگریزی، کاربست تجربی و کاربست نظری و روابط بینا- بوطیقایی می‌باشد. در این جستار با تکیه بر روش توصیفی- تحلیلی، برگردان فارسی روح‌الله رحیمی از رمان «تحت اقدام الامهات» با عنوان «بهشت مامان غیضه» بر اساس رویکرد بوطیقای ترجمۀ هنری مشونیک مورد نقد و بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. برآیند پژوهش نشان می‌دهد مترجم در بخش روابط بینا- بوطیقایی، صنایع ادبی‌ نظیر مجاز و غیرمجاز را که دارای تاثیر زیباشناختی یکسانی در متن مبدا و مقصد است به‌خوبی در ترجمۀ خود به کار برده است. زبان متن ترجمه، مطابق با هنجار‌های رویکرد بوطیقای مشونیک و متن مقصد تعبیه‌شده و مترجم سعی کرده است تا با ارائه یک ترجمۀ قابل‌قبول، نشانه‌های فرهنگی زبان و رویکرد ایدئولوژیک خود را به خواننده نشان دهد.

criticism of ruhollah rahimi’s translation of the novel under the feet of mothers based on the poetics approach of the translation by henri meschonnic in 1972

today, translation theorists have taken a big step in the development of translation criticism methods by presenting their works and theories and have provided translators with the necessary platform to provide the desired translation. one of the theoreticians of this field is henri meschonnic. translation poetics in the concept that is considered in this discussion, according to meschonnic, is a kind of theory of text translation. poetics deals with linguistic structure issues just as painting deals with image structures; because linguistics is the general knowledge of language structures. the poetics approach of meschonnic’s translation consists of concepts such as transparency and centripetalism, empirical application and theoretical application, and inter-poetics relationships. in this essay, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, the persian translation of ruhollah rahimi’s novel under the feet of mothers with the title behesht-e maman ghaizah is reviewed based on the poetics approach of artistic translation by meschonnic. the result of the research shows that the translator has used literary devices such as metonymy and non-metonymy, which have the same aesthetic effect in the source and target text, in the field of inter-poetics relations. the language of the translated text is embedded in accordance with the norms of the meschonnic’s poetics approach and the target text, and the translator has tried to show the cultural signs of the language and ideological approach to the reader by providing an acceptable translation.keywords: translation criticism, meschonnic’s translation poetics, the novel under the feet of mothers, ruhollah rahimi.introductioncriticism of translation as a linguistic and intellectual activity, although in a traditional form, has existed in parallel with translation, and sometimes the translators themselves or even the authors have measured their work and that of others with the standards of their times. criticism of literary translation in the 20th century has taken a more scientific and methodical direction after the works of antoine berman on the translation of prose, henri meschonnic and effim etkind on the translation of poetry (ahmadi, 2015: 11). for sure, it is wrong to limit the criticism of literary translation to certain people. all schools of translation criticism, even those that did not speak directly about literature or are not from this field, have concepts and tools that are effective in translation criticism, such as the theory of comparative stylistics of vienna and darbelneh, which has a linguistic watershed, or the function-oriented theory of katharina reiss’s translation criticism, or the interpretative theory of the paris school (danica selekovitch-marian lederer) or the discourse theory of jean delisle.due to the fact that many novels have been translated from arabic to persian, it is felt necessary to make the translation process more scientific by criticizing the translation and evaluating the quality of the translation based on specific principles and elements. in order to prevent weakness and defects in translation, various and many approaches and models have been presented, the use of which increase the scientific and literary value of a work. literary texts are always full of words, sentences and melodious constructions. one of the challenges of translators when translating such texts is to transfer the elements of the original text correctly and accurately in the translated text. henri meschonnic’s poetics approach of artistic translation, which includes components such as (transparency and centripetalism, experimental application and theoretical application, and inter-poetics relations), is considered as a leading approach in providing translations in accordance with the criteria and frameworks of the original and target text. this research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and its purpose is to examine ruhollah rahimi’s persian translation of the novel under the feet of mothers based on the aforementioned theory. the reason for choosing this novel and rahimi’s translation of it is to have the necessary linguistic capacities and capabilities to adapt and implement the components of henri meschonnic’s poetics of translating. in this research, the following two questions are answered:1- which of the components of the henri meschonnic’s poetics of translating is more prominent in rahimi’s translation?2- what is the function of the components of the mentioned approach in transferring the text message?literature reviewthe subject of the present research has not been investigated in any article or thesis so far, but considerable theses and articles have been written with the focus of examining the translation of other novels based on the ideas put forward for translation, which are referred to below. due to the fact that antoine berman has followed the views of people like henri meschonnic in presenting his theory, therefore, in this section, the works written based on berman’s theory are also mentioned:- valiullah esmaili (2016), in his dissertation entitled translation and structural criticism of the novel kabartu wa nasitu an ansa by buthaina al-issa, has translated and criticized the fictional elements of the said novel. individual theory was not used in the translation of this novel, and the translator relied on theory and general knowledge to translate the text and then criticize it.- ali bashiri (2019), in the article implementation of antoine berman’s theory of deconstructive trends in the translation of a novel from persian to arabic (a case study of two translations of boof-e koor), has examined the aforementioned translations based on berman’s theory. the result of the research shows that all the issues related to antoine berman’s theory can be applied in the translation of this novel, except glorification, and the reason for not achieving glorification in the translation of this prose is that the type of this prose is a novel and it is of a modern type, and the goal of the author and as a result the translator of the novel is far from glorification and the use of figures.- saber mohseni (2019), in the article investigation of rhythm in the persian translations of christian boben case study: mahvash ghavimi’s translation of geai (idiot of the neighborhood) and isabelle bruges, has investigated the rhythm in mahvash ghavimi’s translations of christian boben’s works based on the artistic rhythm component of meschonnic. the analysis of the translation of the two stories of ablah-e mahaleh and isabelle bruges shows that although the translator sometimes deviated from the rhythm of the original text due to language differences or complying with spelling rules, he was successful in recreating the rhythm and signs of orality (oralité) of the text.- rajaa abu ali and behzad esbaghi giglo (2019), in the article criticism and analysis of fatemeh jafari’s translation of rabi jaber’s novel confessions (e’terafat) based on the theory of deconstructive trends of antoine berman, investigated the aforementioned translation based on seven components of the deconstructive components of berman.the result of the research shows that, among the mentioned components, the expansion and the destruction of the rhythm of the text are among the most frequent factors of distortion of the text in the translation of fatemeh jafari, and these components also have an effect on ennoblement, and in some cases, we see an increase in the component of ennoblement in the translation.