رویکرد به اشتغال و روند اشتغالزایی در قوانین برنامه‌های توسعه جمهوری اسلامی ایران

ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﺷﺘﻐﺎل در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اول ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ »ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﺮخ ﺑﯿﮑﺎری«، در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ دوم ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، »اﺷﺎﻋﻪ و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﮐﺎر«، در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮم ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ »اﯾﺠﺎد اﺷﺘﻐﺎل در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ«، در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ »رﻓﻊ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﯾﯽ« و در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ »اﯾﺠﺎد اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﭘﺎﯾﺪار« ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ از آن دارد ﮐﻪ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل، ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﻮر، اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﯽ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ در ﺣﻮزه اﺷﺘﻐﺎل و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﮑﺎری ﻟﺤﺎظ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه، اﻣﺎ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از دوﻟﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺠﺮی ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺻﻮل ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ای ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ آن دوره ﺗﻔﻮق و ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ، اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﯾﯽ را ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮی ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ.

approach to employment and employment creation process in the laws of development programs of the islamic republic of iran

in the framework of the country's five development programs, in order to create a relative balance in the country's labor market, numerous plans and employment policies have been approved and implemented. the experience of four decades after the revolution shows that despite the policies made in the field of job creation in the form of the five-year development plans of the country, but in practice, the goals considered in this field (reducing the unemployment rate, creating employment, entrepreneurship, etc.) has not been realized as it should be and the experience of the five development programs of the islamic republic of iran has witnessed the lack of a comprehensive approach to the aforementioned variables and influencing factors and the root cause of the lack of success and failure in job creation and job creation leads us to non-continuous and discontinuous policies. it guides in the field of job creation during the last four decades and in the form of compiling and operationalizing five development programs in the country. research question(s)what discursive approach governs the category of employment in the laws of the five development programs of the islamic republic of iran, and what is the process of job creation based on the laws of the development program?2.literature reviewmino amini milani, mohammad sadegh alipour and alireza mahmoodzadeh (2021); the results of this survey show that unemployment is one of the main problems of iran's economy during the past decades and creating employment has been one of the main concerns of policymakers during the period of 2015-2016. in addition to domestic researches, the scrutiny and reflection has indicated that studies have been conducted abroad in the subject area related to the subject of the current research, including an article by j. katz (2014) titled planning and economic growth pointed out that, currently, planning has become synonymous with economic development; therefore, both issues form the main subject of economic thought. lotfali aqli (2021) stated in an article that employment is one of the basic components in rural and agricultural development. peace of mind and provision of physical and mental well-being are realized in the shadow of obtaining a suitable job and profession. this article tries to analyze the employment situation in rural areas of iran. the statistical data was obtained from iran statistics center and central bank in 2018-2018. 3.methodologythe present study, by applying the discourse analysis method, which is potentially one of the most important research techniques in social sciences and is classified as qualitative analysis in terms of method, has tried to review the texts and analyze the main problem of the research. it should be mentioned, the discourse analysis method of ernest laclau and chental mouffe which is based on the discourse theory of laclau and mouffe and emphasizes how political identities and subjects and political and social concepts and meanings are formed. in this method of analysis, dominant discourses have a central signifier, and signifiers and signs have been given structure and identity in a form called articulation.4.discussionin the country's five development programs, the discourse of employment creation has been considered and employment creation has been pursued in the form of strategies and mechanisms, and in each period, some strategies and mechanisms have been deliberately or inadvertently ignored and marginalized, and because of that, mainly the related issues have been highlighted by the discourse of the next term of the islamic council - of course, in the case of the discourse superiority of the competitor's discourse - and also by the next government in the position of implementing the law of the development plan, and in this way, an attempt has been made to alienate the previous discourse; on this basis, it should be acknowledged that the approach to the category of employment creation is an attitude based on the principles of discourse, which had the superiority and dominance of discourse over that period.5. conclusion:the employment creation discourse, neither in the legislative process crystallized in the form of development programs nor in the implementation by the governments of the time, lacks a comprehensive and continuous perspective, and the policies in the field of employment are always subject to change and transformation, and in practice. it has led to the fact that we have witnessed discontinuous policies in the field of employment creation in the country, which has resulted in nothing but the continuation of the unfavorable situation in the field of employment in the country; a situation that indicates that the problem of employment is still in its place and we will always witness the continuation of unemployment and the higher unemployment rate of the mostly young workforce in the country, and day by day the range of economic-social problems of the phenomenon of unemployment in the society is increasing.