بررسی آسیب‌پذیری خانواده‌های ایرانی براساس متغیرهای اجتماعی و جمعیت‌شناختی

مطالعۀ حاضر درصدد است تا میزان آسیب‌پذیری خانواده‌های ایرانی را در ابعاد مختلفِ روان‌شناختی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی-فرهنگی مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار دهد. جهت دستیابی به هدف مزبور از روش تحلیل ثانویه داده‌های پیمایش ملی خانواده بهره گرفته است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که از میان متغیرهای زمینه‌ای مورد بررسی تنها متغیر وضعیت تاهل با میزان آسیب‌پذیری همبستگی معنادار نداشته و سایر متغیرهای تحقیق (سن، سطح تحصیلات و جنسیت) با متغیر وابسته تحقیق همبسته بوده‌اند. به طوری که از نظر میزان آسیب‌پذیری (کل و ابعاد سه‌گانه) پاسخگویان، بیشترین فراوانی در بین کسانی با سطح تحصیلات دیپلم، گروه سنی 49-30 ساله و زنان (در بعد روان‌شناختی) تعلق داشت. از نظر شیوۀ تربیت فرزندان نیز شیوۀ تربیتی میانۀ مستبدانه و غیرمستبدانه بیشترین میزان آسیب‌پذیری اقتصادی و روان-شناختی و شیوۀ کاملاً مستبدانه کمترین میزان را به خود اختصاص داده بود. کمترین میزان آسیب‌پذیری اقتصادی مربوط به خانواده‌های دارای 5 فرزند و بیشتر و کمترین میزان نیز به خانواده‌های صاحب دو فرزند و کمتر تعلق داشت. کمترین میزان آسیب‌پذیری کل و ابعاد آن به کسانی با نگرش کاملاً منفی به طلاق اختصاص داشت. در نهایت وجود رابطه معنادار بین تمامی زیرشاخص‌های شیوه‌های حل تعارض به جز شیوۀ مراجعه به مشاور با متغیر وابسته اثبات شد.

investigating the vulnerability of iranian families based onsocial and demographic variables

1.introductionrecent social and economic changes and developments in the society have caused more families to be placed in a vulnerable position. this indicates the need for attention and investigation. for this reason, in the present study, we seek to examine the vulnerability of iranian families in terms of the method of raising children, the number of children, and the attitude towards divorce.2.literature reviewreferring to the research background in the field of family vulnerability shows that variables such as the configuration or size and composition of the family or in other words having many children (radcliff and etc., 2012) and old age and aging (for example see: tanida, 1996) are effective on the vulnerability of families. also, in domestic studies, it has been emphasized that women are more vulnerable than men, especially when women have the role of head of the household (moaidfar and hamidi, 2016; setare forozan and biglerian, 2012 and afrasiabi and jahangiri, 2015). also, marital status can affect gender differences in vulnerability in general and psychological vulnerability in particular (kessler and essex, 1985; pearlin and johnson, 1997). 3.methodologythe current research has used the method of data analysis with the model of secondary data analysis. the basis of information gathering is the information and data of the national survey of the iranian family in 2018, which was conducted by jihad university .in this way, the statistical population of the research is made up of all the mentioned data, which was used as a whole amount of data. spss software was used for data analysis.4.resultsthe findings of the research showed that the psychological, economic and socio-cultural vulnerability of people in terms of education has a significant difference from each other and the level of correlation is also weak.also, the significance of the difference test and kramer's correlation coefficient of total vulnerability index and its dimensions with gender showed that their correlation level is moderately low. also, the economic and psychological vulnerability of people in terms of the way of raising children had a significant difference and the level of this correlation was on the average level. but there was no such relationship between total vulnerability index and socio-cultural vulnerability.finally, the analyzed statistics about the number of children and the dependent variable also showed that among all the dimensions of the vulnerability index, only the dimension of economic vulnerability showed a significant correlation, which was very weak.5.discussionaccording to the findings of the present research, it can be acknowledged that iranian families are not in a good situation in terms of vulnerability. in such a way that the research data shows this fact in the heart of the iranian society in general and its families in particular, that the level of vulnerability in the family system is on average high. in the meantime, cultural and social requirements and conditions affect the vulnerability of some social strata, and the aforementioned strata are more likely to experience vulnerability in the three dimensions under investigation.6.conclusionconsidering the results of the research, it is necessary to pay attention to improving the economic situation and livelihood of families by reducing the level of unemployment and having secure and stable jobs in order to reduce the financial pressures on them; 2. increasing appropriate mechanisms to continue education and prevent future generations from dropping out in order to raise the level of literacy and awareness; 3. changing the views and attitudes of the members of the society towards divorce and removing its social stigma in difficult life conditions on the one hand, as well as the positive attitude of some members of the society towards thelack of stability and strength of the family on the other hand, and 4. the increase of low-cost counseling centers for women in the community to receive free or low-cost counseling to reduce psychological harm should be considered.