طراحی مدل پایداری اجتماعی- فرهنگی توسعه دریامحور سواحل مُکران

استراتژی‌های توسعه، بدون در نظر داشتن ابعاد انسانی، اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی آن، پویایی‌هایی را ایجاد می‌کند که به موجب آن عوامل اصلی توسعه‌یافتگی به جای آن که به عنوان پیش‌رو برای فرآیند توسعه عمل کنند، با تاخیرهای زمانی در مقابل توسعه قرار می‌گیرند. هدف این پژوهش طراحی مدل پایداری اجتماعی-فرهنگی توسعه دریامحور سواحل مَکُران مبتنی بر روش کیفی داده‌بنیاد است. نمونه آماری این پژوهش شامل 18 نفر از خبرگانی است که در حوزه پایداری اجتماعی- فرهنگی دارای دانش کافی و تجربه عملی هستند. نمونه‌گیری ابتدا به صورت هدفمند و تا مرحله اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. در نتیجه مقوله هسته‌ای با عنوان توسعه اجتماع‌محور مشارکتی ظاهر گردید. یافته‌های پژوهش بر اساس مدل پارادایمی در پنج محور (شرایط علی، شرایط مداخله‌گر و شرایط زمینه‌ای، راهبردها و پیامدها) قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می‌دهد همراهی نکردن جامعه محلی با توسعه، شرایط نامناسب اشتغال و درآمد، فقر و معیشت نامطلوب جامعه محلی، محرومیت جامعه محلی از امکانات مناسب، بازنمایی منفی رسانه‌ها از هویت بلوچ، نقش‌آفرینی گروه‌های مرجع محلی در منفی‌سازی نگرش جامعه محلی نسبت به اهداف توسعه و بی‌اعتمادی جامعه محلی نسبت به اهداف توسعه از عوامل موثر بر پایداری اجتماعی-فرهنگی توسعه دریامحور سواحل مَکُران است. در ضمن پایداری اجتماعی-فرهنگی توسعه دریامحور سواحل مَکُران موجب پیامدهایی مانند توسعه اجتماعی منطقه، کاهش فقر و محرومیت منطقه، ارتقای سطح اعتماد در جامعه محلی، ارتقای هوش فرهنگی در جامعه محلی است.

designing a socio-cultural sustainability model for marine-based development of mokran coastal zone

1. introductionthe nature of development measures and the socio-economic context in which they take place have a direct impact on people's lives; therefore, development measures achieve their goals when social aspects are placed next to economic considerations (talebian, 2015, p. 21). development strategies, without considering its human, social and environmental dimensions, create dynamics whereby the main factors of development, instead of acting as a leader for the development process, are opposed to development with time delays (mirlotfi and sadeghbeigi, 2014, p. 1).now, in the political and economic systems, the view that the government has the exclusive right to rule and exercise power over the active forces of development, or on a patriarchal interpretation of power, is their absolute helper and supporter, has been seriously criticized. in this approach, the government moves from centralism in development planning and management to delegating authority and giving more responsibilities and duties to other actors and stakeholders in development, especially local communities as the main beneficiaries of development (fao,2014, p. 117). therefore, the participation of local people in the development process is an undeniable necessity. reliable and authentic community-based development happens only when local people of the community take over the control, management and decision-making of projects (midgley, 2019, p. 61).makkoran's coastel zone are parallel to being far from the center, climatic fatigue and long droughts, widespread insecurity at the border of neighboring countries, widespread smuggling, the local community's ignorance of the regional development goals, the government's perception of the local community as primitive communities. without social institutions, increasing the needs and the limited legitimate ways to reach them, the class gap, the loss of the authority of traditional values, the speed of changes and the majority of people in the society not adapting to them, the increasing unemployment of young people, inflation, high prices, etc. with all kinds of social damage and as a result socio-cultural instability is facing us. therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of designing a socio-cultural sustainability model for the marine-based development of makkoran coastal zone.2. literature reviewin the existing literature, some experts tried to define the concept of social and cultural sustainability, but others defined it based on the constructive indicators of sustainability. in addition, most of these experts have addressed the issue of social sustainability rather than cultural sustainability. of course, it seems that part of the reason for this is that the social concept in social sustainability has been seen in its broad sense, which also includes the cultural aspect. for example, among the first group, mclaren (1996) when talking about social sustainability, emphasizes the concept of justice and writes in its definition:continuation of a civilization in which people see a fair distribution between the rich and the poor. therefore, in these definitions, we see that the concepts of justice, balance between consumption and resource conservation are key concepts (portahari et al, 2011, p. 29).the second group of experts tried to define social and cultural sustainability not based on its nature, but based on its constructive indicators. for example, weingaertner and moberg (2014) defined social sustainability as a set of indicators such as access (employment, open space, local services), social capital, health and well-being, social cohesion in objective and subjective dimensions, fair distribution of employment and income, local participation, cultural heritage, education, housing, social stability, communication and movement (pedestrians, proper transportation), social justice (within and intergenerational), and sense af place and belonging (weingaertner & moberg, 2014, p. 127).it should be noted that cultural sustainability is not after the separate and main in the conceptualization and formulation of international institutions and later thinkers, and it is considered more than the elements of social sustainability, but many recent thinkers have been criticized for this invisibility. for example, soini and birkeland (2014) have limited cultural sustainability to indicators such as cultural heritage, vitality of economic life, cultural diversity, environmental resilience, localism and civilization of the cultural environment (soini & birkeland,2014, p. 217).in this research, based on the existing literature, these two completely overlapping dimensions have been considered. from this point of view, socio-cultural sustainability includes 9 indicators of equality and justice, social participation, local communities, recognition of conflicting social groups, maintaining population balance, cultural identity, cultural participation, cultural diversity and cultural heritage. 3.methodologythe present research method is qualitative with a systematic database nature. this research has been done with a purposeful and not random sampling method and using the snowball sampling technique. the main tool used in this research is a semi-structured interview. in this research, interviews were conducted with 18 experts, from the 15th interview onwards, repetition in the information was observed (theoretical saturation), but to be sure, the interviews continued until the 18th expert.4.conclusionin conclusion, it seems that it is necessary to talk about the opportunities and threats of the development of the region with the local people in a transparent manner, so that the people, in the shadow of obtaining information and having proper awareness, will have the necessary preparation in dealing with harms and threats, and this will lead to prevent possible violence in the local community. the discussion of social capital is very important and should be done in such a way that the social capital and social trust in the people, which are currently severely damaged due to social changes from top to bottom, are restored.socio-cultural sustainability is achieved when policy makers and those in charge of regional development pay more attention to local and local individual and social factors and involve the local community in this matter. by providing opportunities for the participation of the local community in the development projects, the employment and livelihood of the people will be improved, and the feeling of discrimination, inequality, poverty and injustice will disappear. also, effective and forward-looking steps should be taken by using media tools and productions to reflect the positive socio-cultural aspects and strengthen empathy and national unity. this makes the local community and especially the scientific and religious elites of the local community feel the practical effects of development in their lives and livelihoods, so they trust the goals and trustees of development and cooperate, assist, cooperate and participate more in the plans to show.