واکاوی چالش ‌های تحول دیجیتال در بخش عمومی ایران: رویکرد مدل ‌سازی ساختاری-تفسیری (ism)

امروزه تحول دیجیتال در بخش دولتی به ضرورتی اساسی و استراتژیک برای دولت های سراسر جهان مبدل شده است؛ چراکه در عصر دیجیتال، نیازها و انتظارات شهروندان تغییر یافته و سازمان های دولتی باید در راستای نیاز شهروندان به سمت تحول دیجیتال حرکت کنند. بااین‌حال، گاه بخش دولتی مطابق با تصویر ناکارآمدی که در نزد جامعه دارد ممکن است نتواند چنین نقشی را به‌خوبی ایفا کند و در این مسیر با چالش هایی روبرو باشد. بنابراین، به سبب کمبود مطالعات در خصوص چالش های تحول دیجیتال در بخش دولتی ایران، پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی چالش های تحول دیجیتال در بخش دولتی ایران انجام شده است. برای تحقق این هدف، از یک فرایندی دو مرحله ای در بخش روش استفاده شده است. در مرحله اول، ابتدا چالش های تحول دیجیتال از ادبیات موضوع و تحلیل داده های گردآوری شده از مصاحبه با خبرگان استخراج و در مرحله دوم، به‌منظور تقدم و تاخر چالش ها از روش مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری استفاده شد. درنهایت، 12 چالش به‌عنوان مهم ترین چالش های تحول دیجیتال در سازمان های دولتی انتخاب شد. طبق یافته ها، چالش ها در 5 سطح قرار گرفتند که «محدودیت های قانونی»، «وجود نسل های قدیمی در جایگاه مدیریتی» و «تغییرات مدیریتی پی‌درپی» به‌عنوان چالش های اساسی مطرح شدند و مدیران به‌منظور پیاده سازی تحول دیجیتال در وهله اول باید آن ها را مدنظر قرار دهند. یافته های پژوهش می تواند راهگشای برنامه ها و سندهای آتی تحول دیجیتال باشد و بینش لازم برای سیاست گذاران و مدیران دولتی به‌منظور تعیین اولویت ها و غلبه بر چالش های تحول دیجیتال ارائه دهد.

exploring the challenges of digital transformation in iran’s public sector: the structural interpretive modeling approach

today, digital transformation in the public sector has become an essential and strategic imperative for governments worldwide. in the digital age, citizens’ needs and expectations have evolved, necessitating that government organizations undertake digital transformation in alignment with citizens’ demands. however, the public sector sometimes struggles to fulfill this role, facing challenges that stem from its perceived inefficacy in the eyes of society. based on this, the main goal of this research is to analyze the challenges of digital transformation in iran’s government organizations; fulfilling this goal requires answering the following two questions: 1) what are the challenges of digital transformation in iran’s government organizations? 2) what is the interpretive structural model and internal relations of digital transformation challenges in iran’s government organizations? 2- theoretical frameworkmany definitions have been presented for digital transformation, some of which have been considered more suitable for the public sector. digital transformation in the public sector is based on three aspects: 1) changing priorities to meet the expectations of the new generation, 2) using new technologies such as big data, deep learning, decision-making systems, and other technologies, and 3) expanding the scope of using technologies to innovate in social processes. digital transformation in the public sector does not only lead to online services and digitization; rather, it has broader consequences, including creating new value for citizens through providing quality services and listening to the voices of citizens and other institutions to ensure a just society. however, given the paucity of studies on the challenges of digital transformation within iran’s public sector, the present study aims to analyze its challenges in this sector. 3- methodologythe methodology comprises a two-step process. first, digital transformation challenges were extracted from the literature and interviews with experts. several semi-structured interviews were conducted in this research mostly by phone, and a few in person due to the coronavirus pandemic. the participants of this research were digital transformation experts and it specialists, whose number should be between 12 and 25 people based on warfield’s theory. second, interpretive structural modeling was utilized to prioritize and mitigate the challenges. the structural-interpretive model, due to its ability to identify causal and complex relationships between a set of factors, analyze their effects on each other, and determine the ranking of system elements helps managers to make better decisions about implementing the designed model. 4- results discussionthe results of the research were that challenge 10 (legal restrictions) at the first level, challenges 2 (consecutive management changes) and 3 (the presence of old generations in management positions) at the second level, challenge 4 (lack of recognition of digital transformation), 7 (risk aversion of government managers) and 8 (lack of knowledge and training in the field of digital transformation) at the third level, challenges 1 (lack of support from the senior manager), 6 (managers’ inattention to change management), 9 (weakness in re-engineering operational processes), 11 (lack of digital strategy) and 12 (lack of strong digital transformation culture in government organizations) at the fourth level, and challenge 5 (dispersion of data) was placed at the fifth level.