بررسی اثر رهبری دوسوتوان بر سکوت کارکنان با نقش میانجی توانمندسازی روان‌شناختی و سرمایه اجتماعی

یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش­هایی که سازمان‌ها در محیط‌های پیچیده و پویا با آن مواجه‌اند، چگونگی ایجاد توازن بین فعالیت‌های اکتشافی و نوآورانه با فعالیت‌های بهره بردارانه است. فائق آمدن بر چنین چالشی مستلزم توجه سازمان‌ها به توسعه رهبری دوسوتوان است؛ زیرا این رهبران نقش بسیار مهمی در فرایند توسعه منابع انسانی، بهبود مدیریت سازمان و درنهایت رشد عملکرد سازمانی دارند. بر این اساس هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر رهبری دوسوتوان بر سکوت کارکنان با در نظر گرفتن نقش میانجی توانمندسازی روان‌شناختی و سرمایه اجتماعی است. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ نحوه گردآوری داده­ها توصیفیپیمایشی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را 200 نفر از کارکنان اداری شرکت نفت پارس تشکیل می­دهند. از این تعداد، 132 نفر با روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی ساده به­عنوان نمونه موردبررسی انتخاب شدند. به‌منظور جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه توزیع شد و پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از روش آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی مرکب و روایی پرسشنامه از طریق روایی محتوا و تحلیل عاملی تاییدی، تائید شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده­های پژوهش با استفاده از تکنیک مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری و نرم­افزار اسمارت پی ال اس انجام شده است. یافته­ها حاکی از آن است که رهبری دوسوتوان تاثیر منفی و معنادار بر سکوت کارکنان دارد و رابطه مثبت و معنادار سبک رهبری دوسوتوان بر توانمندسازی روان­شناختی و سرمایه اجتماعی تائید شد. همچنین تاثیر منفی و معنادار سرمایه اجتماعی بر سکوت کارکنان مورد تائید قرار گرفت. درنهایت در این پژوهش نقش میانجی‌گری سرمایه اجتماعی در رابطه بین رهبری دوسوتوان و سکوت کارکنان نیز مورد تائید قرار گرفت.

Investigating the Effect of Ambidextrous Leadership on Employees’ Silence Mediated by Psychological Empowerment and Social Capital

Extended abstract1 INTRODUCTIONOne of the most important challenges of complicated environments for organizations is to make a balance between discovering and innovative activities called ambidexterity. Organizational ambidexterity has a positive relationship with organizational growth, technical innovation, and financial performance. Generally, those managers who have failed in implementing ambidexterity seem to be unable to utilize their capacity and provide needed resources. Of most important affecting factors, one can refer to domination of organizational silence and the lack of employees’ participation in decisionmaking processes. Nowadays, leading is considered as the most important role of managers, and organizations seek those managers of having ability to lead as well as integrate different organizational activities, coordinate subsidiary units, and control deviances. Therefore, studying and utilizing the ambidextrous leadership style is of special importance. Despite the importance of ambidextrous leadership in achieving organizational goals, no study has yet investigated its increasing effect on employees’ silence and the mediation role of psychological empowerment and social capital. Therefore, the current research was aimed to study the effect of ambidextrous leadership on employees’ silence considering the mediation of psychological empowerment and social capital in Pars Oil Company. 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKAmbidexterity is the ability to simultaneously utilizing the activities of exploration and exploitation and coordinating them in a flexible manner. Ambidextrous leadership is known as the ability to create explorative and exploitative behaviors in employees through providing the possibility of flexible improvement and adjustment of these two behaviors. This leadership style consists of three elements: 1) open leadership behaviors, 2) close leadership behaviors, and 3) the ability to flexible shift between them. Social capital is defined as a set of resources embedded in the relationship between an employee and the organization or those resources which are accessible because of this relationship. Psychological empowerment is defined as a process of increasing employees’ selfefficacy by identifying the situations that cause power instability or loss of power. Finally, employees’ silence is defined as a refusal of stating the reality about the emotional appraisal of the organization to those managers and employees who seem to be capable of change or compensate the situations.3 METHODOLOGYThe current research was an applied study in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection method, it was a descriptive survey. According to Cochran’s formula, a total of 132 people were selected as the statistical sample by conducting simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a 52item questionnaire of having 5point Likert scales and 133 questionnaires were finally collected. Obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS software.4 RESULTS DISCUSSIONResearch findings showed that ambidextrous leadership had a positive and significant effect on psychological empowerment. In this regard, it can be said that, by providing freedom for employees to do things and providing them with feedback in the case of problems, the ambidextrous leadership style can improve employees’ behaviors and increase their capabilities. The decreasing effect of psychological empowerment on employee silence was not confirmed. The reason for this insignificance may be the absence of other intervening variables. On the other hand, ambidextrous leadership significantly affected the social capital and social capital reduced the employees’ silence. Therefore, social capital creates a common language for emotional relationships between employees, in which they can easily express their opinions and suggestions and are less inclined to remain silent.5 CONCLUSIONS SUGGESTIONSAccording to research findings, the understudy organization should focus on improving the leadership ability of managers in different organizational levels by approaching the ambidextrous leadership style. Furthermore, future researches are suggested to study a bigger statistical population and consider moderator variables (such as age, gender, education, and organizational climate and culture) or mediator variables (such as job satisfaction, commitment, and motivation) that have the potential to affect the ambidextrous leadershippsychological empowerment relationship.