شناسایی عوامل موثر بر تصمیم‌گیری اخلاقی در سازمان‌های مردم نهاد و داوطلبانه

تصمیم گیری اخلاقی، یک فرآیند چند وجهی است و این پدیده به عنوان چالشی برای سازمان‌های مردم نهاد تلقی می‌شود. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر فهم و شناسایی ابعاد و مولفه‌های تشکیل دهنده و موثر بر تصمیم گیری اخلاقی افراد و ارائه مدلی بومی برای سازمان‌های مردم نهاد و داوطلبانه می‌باشد. ماهیت این پژوهش اکتشافی بوده که به روش بنیادی و با استفاده از رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد انجام گرفته است. مشارکت‌کنندگان در این پژوهش شامل مدیران و افراد کارشناس در سازمان های مورد مطالعه در استان همدان بوده که به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و با تکنیک گلوله برفی شناسایی شدند که با توجه به اصل اشباع و کفایت داده‌ها، در مجموع با 20 نفر مصاحبه شد. یافته‌های حاصل از طراحی مدل پارادایمی نشان داد، تصمیم‌گیری اخلاقی تحت تاثیر مجموعه‌ای از عوامل بینفردی، سازمانی و فراسازمانی و مذهبی صورت می‌گیرد. درنهایت نتیجه‌گیری شد که شرایط مذکور به‌طورکلی موجب شده‌اند پدیده‌ای به نام تصمیم‌گیری اخلاقی توسعه و در این نوع و شکل از سازمان‌ها مورد توجه افراد واقع شود و پیامدهای چنین تصمیماتی، منعکس کننده رفتار اخلاقی مثبت، ایجاد انگیزه مثبت در ذینفعان و مردم، انضباط اقتصادی و انضباط اجتماعی در جامعه است.

Identifying the affecting factors of ethical decision making in non-governmental organizations

Extended abstract 1 INTRODUCTION Paying attention to the ethics concept and its impact on organizations’ decisionmaking systems has been widely increased. one of the most effective ways to entering ethical issues into everyday human affairs is to consider ethics in decision making. the ethical decisionmaking process begins when people are faced with a complex moral situation, they judge that situation, and then they shape their behavioral intentions. this process is influenced by individual, situational, and subjectoriented factors. in organizations like nongovernmental ones (NGOs) where managers pay more attention to decision making, the modeling of ethical decisionmaking is a special and undeniable thing. in recent years, these organizations have been faced with an upward trend of nonwise and sometimes unethical decisionmaking. the present study contributes to the decisionmaking process by developing a native model for ngos to identify affecting factors of ethical decisionmaking. the human resource and their activities of these organizations are different from the others because of differences in structure, culture, and voluntary nature of the workforce. 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK On the one hand, decisionmaking is a basis for all managerial tasks. on the other hand, ethical decisionmaking is a remarkable and multifaceted subject in the literature on business ethics. the problem is that ethical principles cannot be transformed into simple mechanisms to guide the organizations’ managers and employees. this issue especially applies to NGOs. NGO that is a nonprofit and nonpolitical organization and has free membership refers to those voluntary establishments shaped by several nongovernmental real people in compliance with the relevant regulations. based on studies on the ethical decisionmaking process, this process is influenced by three individual, structural, and contextual factors. another research flow implies that environmental conditions encompassing political, economic, social, and cultural factors may affect the strength and weakness of ethical decisionmaking rules in businesses and organizations. since there exists no comprehensive national study on affecting factors of ethical decisionmaking in iranian ngos, the current research explores the causal, intervening, and contextual factors of ethical decisionmaking in these organizations. the ultimate purpose of this research was to develop a native model for ethical decisionmaking in Iranian NGOs. 3 METHODOLOGY In terms of method, this research is a qualitative study of having an interpretive paradigm with the grounded theory for data analysis strategy.  instead of focusing on a linear process, the main focus of the grounded theory for data interpretation is on a continuous sweep between data collection and data analysis. on this basis, the concepts gradually emerge from codes, categories from concepts, and theory from categories. the method for sampling was purposeful, and participants were selected by conducting the snowball technique with as much variety as possible. the sample members were the managers and experts in hamadan province and came from top ngos operating in the fields of health, charity, education, environment, culture, and art. seventeen semistructured interviews reached theoretical saturation but interviewing process continued to 20, and obtained data were analyzed using MAXQDA v.10 software. In terms of validity and reliability, research findings were evaluated and confirmed by two measures of feeding back the results to participants and obtaining the colleagues’ opinions. 4 RESULTS DISCUSSION Research results led to a native model with the core category of “developing the ethical decisionmaking” comprised of 17 main components and six dimensions. this model is the result of individuals’ lived experiences and their mental meanings of the central phenomenon. in total, identified dimensions and categories as the main antecedents and outcomes of the process of ethical decisionmaking in NGOs imply that interpersonal factors, along with the other organizational, extraorganizational, and religious factors, develop ethical decision making. 5 CONCLUSIONS SUGGESTIONS In the beginning, interpersonal factors are the causal conditions for the initiation of decisionmaking in NGOs. these factors are created by effectively communicating with individuals, managing them, and team building. organizational factors are contextual conditions comprised of optimal use of resources, organizational intelligence, cultural intelligence, and planning awareness and knowledge. extraorganizational and religious factors, as intermediary conditions, affect the individuals’ actions in making ethical decisions. individualpersonality factors, as strategic conditions, are purposeful activities in response to the core category that are affected by causal, contextual, and intermediary conditions. in managers’ and experts’ opinions, the outcomes of ethical decisions are things like positive ethical behavior, positively motivating the stakeholders and individuals, and economic and social discipline. Based on obtained results, NGOs can facilitate the ethical decisionmaking process and adhere more to the principles of professional ethics. this research encompasses all the organizational levels that are the operational employees, supervisors, and top managers. to improve the ethics in these organizations, the managers are recommended to hold workshops, codify ethical charter, and teach problemsolving and decisionmaking skills to all the organization members.