بررسی و آنالیز هم‏ استنادی رابطه انسان و محیط در حوزه ژئومورفولوژی از 1970 تا 2018

رابطه‏ انسان و محیط در سال‏های اخیر معطوف به تغییرات محیطی و تعریف توسعه پایدار بوده است. اکنون باید دید سهم ژئومورفولوژیست‏ها در بحث تغییرات محیطی و انسان چقدر بوده است. برای تحقق این هدف، با تشکیل جامعه آماری مرکب از 456 مقاله از پایگاه استنادی wos، طی سال‏های 1970 تا 2018، به تجزیه و تحلیل کتاب‏شناختی با هدف علم‏سنجی دانش ژئومورفولوژی با کمک نرم‏افزار citespace مبادرت شد. نتایج به‏دست‏آمده نشان می‏دهد که فلیپس، شوم، گوودی، و گریگوری هسته مرکزی محققان را شکل داده و کلیدواژه‏های «ژئومورفولوژی، تغییرات اقلیمی، و هولوسن» بیشترین تکرار، «ژئومورفولوژی و پوشش گیاهی» بیشترین پایایی، و «تغییر محیطی، تغییرات اقلیمی، و اثر انسان» دارای بیشترین مقدار شاخص شکوفایی هستند. همچنین، خوشه‏بندی روند فکری ژئومورفولوژیست‏ها از تحلیل شاخص مرکزیتنشان می‏دهد که آن‏ها هفت مرحله فکری را پشت سر گذارده‏اند. این مراحل عبارت است از گرایش کلی ‏‏پژوهش‏ها به علوم محیطی؛ به‏کارگیری دیدگاه سیستمی در ارائه راه‏حل‏ها؛ تمرکز بر ژئواکولوژی؛ گرایش به ژئومورفولوژی رودخانه‏ای؛ چرخش مطالعات به زمین‏باستان‏شناسی؛ تخصصی‏ترشدن متدولوژی‏های تحقیق؛ مبنا قرارگرفتن تغییرات محیطی به‏ویژه در نُه سال منتهی به 2018 به‏عنوان موضوع مورد توافقِ بیشتر ‏‏‏‏پژوهش‏های مرتبط با انسان و محیط.

Cocitation analysis of humanenvironment relationship in Geomorphology from 1970 to 2018

Extended Abstract Cocitation analysis of humanenvironment relationship in Geomorphology from 1970 to 2018 1. Introduction Geography has always been based on the three basic elements of human, the environment and the relationship between them and depending on what the concept of man has been in different eras, it has led to the formation of numerous approaches such as classical geography, regional, spatial and phenomenological. However, the introduction of a systematic approach into geography had many implications, including the formation of the human ideal which is called "sustainable development", and led to the participation of different branches of environmental science in sharing and providing solutions for achieving sustainable development. A review of past research shows that Geomorphology has a closer look at the relationship between humans and the environment. It should therefore be examined that what has Geomorphology to offer the global environmental change debate and how might this contribution be framed? To answer this question, the views of scientists must be examined through the process of research related to the relationship between man and the environment during the short life of geomorphological knowledge and this is exactly what was used in this study with the help of CiteSpace software for citation analysis. Using this method, we can examine the relationships between the factors influencing the production of a particular research along with its historical trends in explaining the intellectual structures of knowledge. The purpose of the present study is to use the data available in the Web Of Science database and CiteSpace software to analyze researchers spatially and temporally; Clustering strategic keywords with the help of indicators such as centrality and finally, examining the thoughts of influential researchers in each cluster in order to understand the scientific structure of knowledge in the field of humanenvironment relationship in Geomorphology 2. Material and Methods In this study, CiteSpace software was used for statistical analysis of scientific citation data. So, in the first step, all the researches between 1970 to 2018 were extracted through web filtering (CiteSpace raw data provider) and after monitoring, a set of 456 articles was obtained. After entering this data into the software, charts of the number of articles and citations, journals and active countries/institutes, burstdetection, country/institute cocitation maps and coauthor map were prepared. Then, the present research period was categorized into seven clusters by calculating the centrality of keywords and using the year of production of each word. Each cluster that encompasses a specific time period was analyzed with the help of parameters such as the number of research and citations, the most strategic keywords, the most cited and most famous authors, the external scientific influencers factors, the relationship of other keywords to the strategic word in the tfidf chart. It was also tried to study the trends of geomorphological knowledge in each of the clusters according to the domestic writers’ research and comparing with the results obtained from CiteSpace software. 3. Results and Discussion According to cocitation analyzes, the leading Geomorphology journal in terms of number of research and citation indexes among all the journals indexed in the WOS database indicates the importance of geomorphological knowledge in addressing the issue of humanenvironment communication among the various branches of environmental science. The analysis of the distribution of countries and institutes in relation to the research shows that the results are consistent with the Pareto law. It can also be pointed out that countries’ backgrounds influence their ranking as top countries in terms of number of studies although the results show that the research topic is more important for countries. According to the authors’ cocitation map, the core of the researchers is made up of authors such as Phillips, Schumm, Goudie and Gregory. The results of comparing the Burstdetection and the Innetwork citation indicate a low citation among authors with high Burstdetection. Violation of this rule in the case of Schumm shows that in addition to presenting a new idea, he has remained an important citation index throughout the entire period studied. Keyword analysis shows that "Geomorphology, climate change and Holocene" have the highest frequency, "Geomorphology and vegetation" have the highest sustainability and "environmental change, climate change and human impact" have the most Burstdetection. The centrality index also identified the most strategic words that resulted in the clustering of the entire research period into seven clusters to identify the scientific structure of knowledge in the present study. 4. Conclusion According to information obtained until 2000, most geomorphologists’ focus on Geomorphology knowledge was a general trend of environmental science research that was most influenced by global conferences on climate and human environment. The geomorphologists’ systematic view is quite evident in order to provide a solution to the issues between the landscape and human impact in the second period between 20002002. Cocitation studies from 20022003 suggest a new approach to solving problems in humanenvironment interactions under the heading of combined geoecological research in geomorphological knowledge. In the fourth period, between 20032005, geomorphologists have used the fluvial Geomorphologyrelated topics to better illustrate human impacts on the environment. In the next period (20052008) was made a rethinking of the geoarcheological studies of ancient times and early humans. Also a common point of most research in this period is the use of river/sedimentary Geomorphology and vegetation data which includes the strategic keywords of the previous period (20052003) and the next period (20092008) respectively. Because of the use of the sediment keyword and thus a more specialized perspective at environmental protection, the sixth period can be cited as a turning point in determining the extent of geomorphologists’ involvement in humanenvironment research. In the last period, the ’Environmental Change’ strategic keyword, remained unchanged for 9 years (unlike all six previous periods in the 17 years ending 2009 with 35 strategic keywords) which shows that geomorphologists have reached an agreement in human and environmental research. And more importantly, it may be the answer to the basic question in the introduction to this study; what has Geomorphology to offer the global environmental change debate and how might this contribution be framed? Keywords: Human, Geomorphology, Environment, Citespace, WOS.