نقش شهرهای جهانی در نظام جهانی با تاکید بر اندیشۀ جان رنه شورت و پیتر تیلور

هدف از مقاله‌ حاضر برجسته ‏کردن نقش «شهرهای جهانی» است. امروزه، به‏ واسطۀ افزایش نقش سیاسی و استراتژیک شهرها، «شهرهای جهانی» به کانون‏ مطالعات در جغرافیای سیاسی تبدیل شده ‏اند و به‏ عنوان بازیگران اساسی در نظام بین ‏الملل به ایفای نقش می‏ پردازند. اما اینکه چگونه پدیده‌ شهر از نگاه جغرافی‏دانان سیاسی مورد مطالعه قرار می ‏گیرد پرسشی است که مقاله‌ حاضر همراه با تحلیل نظریه‏ ها و دیدگاه ‏های دو تن از برجسته‏ ترین جغرافی‏دانان سیاسی‏  که در تحقیقات خود به تعریف و نقش شهرهای جهانی (با تاکید بر ابعاد سیاسی فضای‏ شهری و اقتصاد شهری تمرکز یافته‏ اند)‏ پرداخته‏ اند‏ درصدد پاسخ به آن است. نتایج این تحقیق با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی نشان می ‏دهد پدیده‌ شهر از سوی جغرافی‏دانان سیاسی با تاکید بر عناصر محوری سه‏ گانه‌ فضا، سیاست، و قدرت مطالعه و بررسی می ‏شود. به اعتقاد جان رنه شورت، بیش از آنکه الگویی از رقابت بین جهان‏ شهرها را برای سلطه بر جهان در ذهن آوریم، دقیق ‏تر آن است که شبکه ‏ای از جهان ‏شهرها را مورد توجه قرار دهیم که در آن نظارت و سلطه‌ اقتصادی فقط در چند شهر متمرکز است. همچنین، پیتر تیلور شهرهای جهانی را با توجه به ماهیت سیال و متحرک قدرت بین شهرهای جهانی و اینکه آن‏ها چگونه با توجه به ایدئولوژی (مقیاس ملی) و اقتصاد جهانی درون نظام جهانی تعامل برقرار می‏کنند، در رویکردی کل‏نگر، بررسی می‏ کند. بنابراین، شهرهای جهانی، در نقش بازیگران رقابت‏ کننده در جهان، معرف جایگاه و نقش دولت- ملت ‏ها در روند توسعه‌ تعاملات و مناسبات در ابعاد سه‏گانه‌ اقتصاد، سیاست، و فرهنگ هستند.

the role of global cities within the world system, with emphasis on the thought of john rene short and peter taylor

extended abstract -introduction, in today’s world, &cities& are the main focus of events, actions and reactions, and all kinds of relationships, economic, political, cultural, social, and physical relations. political geographers focus more on the political dimension of urban space, citizens, local government, urban economics, and major cities / world cities. but how the phenomenon of the city is studied from the point of view of the political geographers is a question that the present article deals with analyzing the theories and views of two of the most prominent geographers of politics. the results of this research by descriptive-analytical method show that the phenomenon of the city is studied by political geographers with emphasis on the triple axis of space, politics and economics. for example, according to john rene shorth, rather than pointing out a pattern of competition between the world of cities for global domination, it is more accurate to look at a network of cities in which control and economic domination only in a few cities is focused. also, peter taylor prefers to take global cities in line with the fluidity of power between the world’s cities and how they interact with both the scale of ideology (government) and the scale of reality (global economy) within the global system. holistic. therefore, the city as a modern phenomenon represents the position and role of nation-states in the development of economic and political interactions and relations. today, by designing new patterns and working strategies for organizing urban space and increasing the political and strategic role of cities, cities have become the focus of studies in political geography.-methodology, this research is of fundamental and theoretical type and the method of information analysis is also descriptive-analytic based on qualitative methodology. the method of data collection is documentary and library. in this regard, in order to arrive at a clear and consistent conclusion based on rational deduction, it attempts to explain the political geography of the city, especially from the point of view of the famous two political geographers, rené short and taylor. therefore, this research, by applying the main variables, such as the phenomenon of city, globalization and politics, seeks to achieve a generalized conclusion about urban geography.-result and discussion, 1- the city is a social and spatial unit in which politics and power are closely linked. in fact, urban and urban collections are the realm of public policy2- world cities are the connecting points that act as monitoring centers. this oversight of the cluster is dependent on the flow of information and finances and the cultural flow. in addition, world cities are considered as the interface between local and global space3- from the viewpoint of geographers, humans played a significant role in creating a city and its urbanization. from the mid-1960s until the mid-1970s (the period of political geopolitical retrieval), with the spatial-political approach, urban politics was one of the things that attracted the attention of political geographers (such as richard moire, peter tyler, john rennes, and so on)