سنجش تاثیرپذیری شهر از نماگرهای شهر هوشمند (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر زنجان)

به دنبال تجدید ساختار اقتصادی و اجتماعی جهانی، تحولی در مفهوم توسعه شهری و پارادایم‏های آن به‏وجود آمده است؛ از آن جمله شهر هوشمند پارادایمی برای توسعه شهرها در جامعه اطلاعاتی است. شهرهای هوشمند،به‏عنوان آینده شهرهای انسانی، شهری فعال در زمینه فناوری، انعطاف‏پذیری، پایداری، خلاقیت،و قابل زندگی در جهان پیش‏بینی‏ شده‏اند و در حال تبدیل‏شدن به بخشی از چشم‏انداز دولت‏های ملی‏اند، زیرا با هدف افزایش کیفیت زندگی شهروندان ظهور یافته‏اند. این پژوهش با هدف تدقیق، بومی‏سازی و اولویت‏بندی، و همچنین سنجش اثر معیارهای شهر هوشمند در شهر زنجان انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق کارشناسان آشنا با مفاهیم شهر هوشمند در شهر زنجان است و ابزار جمع‏آوری داده‏ها پرسش‏نامه و مصاحبه است. تحلیل در دو بخش انجام یافته است: بخش اول توسط آزمون‏های آماری spssانجام گرفته است و بخش دوم توسط نرم‏افزار میک‏مک. نتایج نشان داد معیارهای زیرساخت‏ فناوری، خدمات عمومی اجتماعی، و دسترسی به ترتیب با وزن‏های 0.01657، 0.01636، و 0.01619 در اولویت‏های اول تا سوم برای هوشمندی شهر قرار دارند. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل اثرهای متقابل معیارها نشان‏دهنده پراکنش نامنظم معیارها در پلان تاثیرگذاری و تاثیر‏پذیری است. تحلیل نشان داد که متغیرها در بخش تاثیرگذاری و تاثیرپذیری متوسط دارای تراکم زیادی است و سیستم مورد مطالعه دارای ناپایداری است. در نهایت، شش معیار راهبردی، کلیدی، و استراتژیک سیستم شناسایی شدند که برای هوشمندی شهر زنجان بسیار مهم‏اند؛ این معیارها عبارت‏اند از 1. زیرساخت‏های فناوری؛ 2. توانمندی و صلاحیت شهروندان؛ 3. حکمروایی شفاف؛ 4. مشارکت شهروندان؛ 5. امکانات فرهنگی؛ 6. جاذبه‏های گردشگری.

Measuring the effectiveness of the city from smart city indicators. Case Study: Zanjan

IntroductionCities play a vital role in the lives of the vast majority of people, yet face great challenges beyond ‎regions, nations and continents, and most cities are the main drivers of change. Recent ‎technological developments have renewed belief in the positive impacts of ICT and other ‎innovative technologies in the city. The combination of smart solutions (active technology) to ‎address major social challenges and focus on the city as key drivers of change has led to the ‎concept of smart city. Finally, scientific studies on smart city development readiness are largely ‎limited to developed countries. And the literature on smart city readiness in developing countries ‎is at an early stage and needs more empirical support. The transformation of a city into a smart ‎city requires considerable efforts by political representatives, managers, residents, entrepreneurs, ‎as well as its various communities. The concept of smart city is evolving rapidly, and the ‎attention of the world as a promising response to the challenge of urban sustainability in large ‎and small cities. Given the different structure of Iranian cities, this study seeks to localize the ‎indicators and analyze their interactions for any planning and management.‎‎ MethodologyThe study of the components of smart city in Zanjan deals with 6 components, 30 benchmarks ‎and 100 standard indices designed in scientific societies around the world. By method, the ‎present study is a descriptive field type. In order to carry out the research, the research ‎components, criteria and indices were extracted from the theoretical foundations of the research ‎and then prioritized by indepth experts. Library and field methods have been used to collect the ‎required information. Due to the lack of familiarity of most experts with the concepts of smart ‎city, only experts in the statistical population who were familiar with the concept of smart city ‎were included. The sampling method was theoretical saturation and by this method in 21 samples ‎we achieved our goals. In this study, first, the importance and impact of indicators on the ‎intelligence of cities were measured and analyzed by SPSS. Then, the extent of impact as well as ‎the interactions between the components, criteria and indices were measured and analyzed with ‎Micmac software. Because interviews and questionnaires have been used, the research is a ‎composite (sequential exploratory model). And the composition is in the concluding phase. Both ‎questionnaires were used by experts in this field.‎Results and discussionIn the first part, after determining the components, criteria and indicators affecting the ‎intelligence of cities and in line with the main objectives of the research, determining the ‎importance and weight of each component, criteria and indicators. Finally, 30 criteria with 100 ‎indicators were finalized and these indicators were prioritized by experts. The data were ‎analyzed by SPSS software using Friedman test and the significance of each criterion and index ‎was determined and prioritized. The three components of smart mobility, smart governance, and ‎smart economy with weights of 0.01577,‎‏ ‏‎0.01394 and 0.01381 are the first to third priority, ‎respectively, and have the highest weight and importance in smart cities. The criteria for smart ‎mobility component include technology infrastructure, national, local access and sustainable ‎mobility, which are prioritized with weights 0.01657, 0.01619, 0.01609 and 0.01424, ‎respectively. Two criteria of smart governance components including publicsocial services and ‎transparent governance with weights of 0.01636 and 0.01153 were significant. Also the criteria ‎of smart economy component were international interactions, productivity, innovation, ‎entrepreneurship, economic image of the city and labor market flexibility with weights 0.01601, ‎‎0.01597, 0.01544, 0.01455, 0.01161 and 0.00928 respectively. In the analytical analysis of the ‎findings, the indicators of Internet penetration, municipality planning strategy and egovernment ‎access have the weights of 0.01694, 0.01687 and 0.01684, respectively.‎In the second part, we have used Micmac software to analyze the interaction of criteria. ‎In order to make the results more realistic and realistic, the analysis software was created in the ‎Micmac Matrix software and adjusted in 30 different criteria to 30 * 30 dimensions. Based on ‎the matrix output, the 10 criteria that had the most direct impact on the system in order of rating ‎are: 1 Technology infrastructure (677) 2 Citizens empowerment (655) 3 Transparent ‎governance (610) 4 Citizen participation (519) 5 Cultural facilities (440) 6 Sustainable and safe ‎transportation (440) 7 Lifelong learning (429) 8 Tourism attraction (406) 9 Educational ‎facilities (395) 10 National access (395). The 10 criteria that have a direct impact on city ‎intelligence are, respectively, priority and priority; 1 Citizen competence and competence (542) ‎‎2 City pollution level (508) 3 Urban productivity (497) 4 Entrepreneurship in the city (497) 5 ‎Transparent Governance (463) 6 City Tourism Attraction (440) 7 International Interaction (440) ‎‎8 Preservation of Environment (418) 9 Educational Facilities (384) 10 Citizen Participation ‎‎(384).‎‎ ConclusionThe analysis of the results of the first section showed that the relevant components, criteria and ‎indices in the three prioritization of the rankings were almost identical. Thus, the component and ‎criterion that is ranked higher in the ranking also have more important indicators, while the ‎component and the criterion that is in the lower priorities have the least important ones. In the ‎second stage, the analysis of the interaction of criteria on the intelligence of the city is examined. ‎The results of the MicMac method in impact analysis indicate the irregular distribution of criteria ‎in the impact plan. The analysis of the plan and related diagrams show that the variables in the ‎medium of influence are high density and the studied system is unstable. Based on the results of ‎Structural Analysis and Micmac software, the direct and indirect effective criteria were ‎determined. Key variables and strategic indicators were also identified. What is important is that ‎improvement and improvement in each of the dimensions and components of the smart city will ‎be very influential in city intelligence because systematic reviews and evaluations of smart cities ‎do not consider growth in all dimensions. Therefore, any benchmark and component that can be ‎upgraded should be a priority.‎